Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
L-T-P : 3-1-0
Total No of Classes : 55
Instructors
LS Ramachandra
SJ Hossain
Teaching assistants
Susmita Mondal
Rushdi I Islam
Saptarshi Lahiri
Mriytunjay Mondal
Sl
No
Introduction
1 hrs
Bending of beams:
Symmetrical sections
Unsymmetrical sections
Curved beams
5 hrs
Stresses:
State of stress at a point; 2D and 3D
representation
Transformation, Invariants and principle
stresses
5 hrs
Strains:
4 hrs
Engineering strain measure; 2D and 3D
representation
Transformation, Invariants and principle
strains
TEXT BOOK(MD)
Advanced
Mechanics
of Solids;
Author
L. S. Srinath
(any edition)
Constitutive
relations:
Generalized
Hookes
Law 1 hrs
5
Engineering Mechanics of Solids; Author E. P. Popov (any
edition)
Introduction to Solid Mechanics; Author I. H. Shames (any
Sl
No
Topic
NC243/NC2
44
2 hrs
2 hrs
Energy methods
Using potential energy
Using complementary energy
Principle of virtual work
Virtual displacement
Virtual force
6 hrs
5 hrs
10
11
Buckling
of
imperfections
columns,
Beam-columns,
initial 5 hrs
Important Information
As
rotational part:
( is the moment [pseudo vector] taken about a point O)
(2)
rotational part:
( is the moment [pseudo vector] taken about a point O)
Sufficient conditions will be
discussed later
Fixed support
Pinned/hinge support
Roller support
Roller supports
Fixed support
Representation of
supports
BEAM
ender structural member which has one of its dimensions very large compared to other two dimensions.
/deformation in the transverse direction=> beam
M
x
Problem 1. Draw Bending moment (B.M.) and Shear force (S.F.) diagram for the following beam.
y
z
a
The above supports are called as simple supports and the above beam is
termed as planar structure as it is in a single plane.
Step 1. Choose coordinate axes. In the present case, we have chosen the
co-ordinate axes system as shown in the figure.
Step 2. In the second step, remove the supports and apply statically
equivalent forces.
External Part
Moment
about A
Internal Part
Section Forces
Internal Part
Part-1:
Considering the left side of the cut beam
we have
Constant in x
Linear in x
Internal Part
Part-2:
Considering the left side of the cut beam
we have
Linear in x
Note:
At supports,
deflections are zero
but shear forces are
non-zero
At supports, bending
moments are zero
but section rotations
are non-zero
Point forces
introduce jumps in
the SFD
Problem 2. Draw Bending moment (B.M.) and Shear force (S.F.) diagram for the following beam.
The above supports are called as simple supports and the above beam is
termed as planar structure as it is in a single plane.
Step 1. Choose coordinate axes. In the present case, we have chosen the
co-ordinate axes system as shown in the figure.
Step 2. In the second step, remove the supports and apply statically
equivalent forces.
External Part
Moment
about A
Internal Part
Section Forces
Internal Part
Part-1:
Considering the left side of the cut beam
we have
Constant in x
Linear in x
Internal Part
Part-2:
Considering the left side of the cut beam
we have
Linear in x
Constant in x
Note:
At supports,
deflections are zero
but shear forces are
non-zero
At supports, bending
moments are zero
but section rotations
are non-zero
Point moments
introduce jumps in
the BMD
Simple bending
Consider a straight prismatic beam as shown in the
figure.
z
x
y
The cross section is symmetrical about y-axis. Also note that load is applied in xyFor such beams bending will take place in the same plane i.e. xy- plane. We assum
The bending moment is constant throughout its length which is the case of pure be
y
Curvature:
Consider two points P and Q on the deformed curve. Normals drawn at P and Q intersect at
O. It is seen that the change in slope between the tangents drawn at P and Q is .
The arc PQ:
The change in slope per unit arc length between P and Q is .
The curvature is defined as
Assumptions:
Cross-sections normal to the centroidal axis
(AB and CD) of the beam before bending
remain plane and perpendicular to the
centroidal axis after bending (AB and
CD). Thus, fibers along the upper surface
of the beam are compressed and the fibers
along the lower surface of the beam are
elongated.
Material is homogeneous, isotropic and
assumed to be linear.
Fibers normal to the centriodal axis remain
unstretched.
O1-O2 undergoes
neither extension or
compression
Remark:
Bending strain varies
linearly with the depth.
Strain in A1-A2:
Stress developed in A1-A2:
Sign convension
Identify the neutral axis location
==
Stress
Stress
Bending Moment
For
any arbitrary corss-section the area moment of
inertia and the product moment of inertia with respect to
orthogonal axes yz are defined as
Let yz be the centroidal axes for an area of arbitrary
shape. Now, it is sought to determine how the moment
and the product of inertia change when the axes are
rotated. Let y and z be the new set of coordinate axes
tilted at an angle .
y = OP + PS = OP+QR
Similarly, we write
OR
Similarly, we write
NOTE:
=
and are functions of . For extremum (maximum/minimum) values
NOTE:
Two roots are apart, about one the axes the moment of inertia is maximum and about the
other axis it is minimum. About these two centroidal axes the product of inertia is zero.
Recall
Assumptions:
Cross-sections normal to the centroidal axis
(AB and CD) of the beam before bending
remain plane and perpendicular to the
centroidal axis after bending (AB and
CD). Thus, fibers along the upper surface
of the beam are compressed and the fibers
along the lower surface of the beam are
elongated.
Material is homogeneous, isotropic and
assumed to be linear.
Fibers normal to the centriodal axis remain
unstretched.
is written as
Now, from geometry r (perpendicular distance
from N to
neutral axis) may be written as
Substituting the value of r in the bending stress
expression,
projected curvature in the xy plane
projected curvature in the xz plane
Thus,
we have
Neutral plane:
C-180 x 15 [mm] rolled steel channel( Iz =8.86 x 106 mm4, Iy=0.64 x 106 mm4 , depth=178
A
mm, width=53 mm, =13.7 mm) is used as a simply supported beam as, for example, a
purlin in a roof (see Figure). If the slope of the roof is and the span of the purlin is 4 m,
determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in the beam caused by a
uniformly distributed vertical load of 1.00 kN/m.