Beruflich Dokumente
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SOIL PROPERTIES
Consistency
Field Identification
sat
(kN/m3)
<2
Very Soft
16-19
<25
<12
2-4
Soft
16-19
25-50
12-25
4-8
Medium
17-20
50-100
25-50
8-16
Stiff
19-22
100-200
50-100
16-32
Very Stiff
19-22
200-400
100-200
>32
Hard
19-22
>100
>200
Prof.R.Sundaravadivelu,
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras
Qa
(kPa)
C
(kN/m2)
Consistency
c,kPa
<2
Very Soft
<12
2-4
Soft
12-25
4-8
Medium
25-50
8-16
Stiff
50-100
16-32
V.Stiff
100-200
>32
Hard
>200
27o to 34o
33o to 45o
Sandy Gravels
35o to 50o
Silty Sand
27o to 34o
Inorganic Silt
27o to 35o
Methods of Installation
INSTALLATION METHODS
Prefabricated
Cast in-situ
Low Displacement
Piles
High Displacement
Piles
Cast in-situ
Poissons Ratio,
0.3 0.4
0.2 0.35
0.25
0.15
0.1 0.4
Depending on rock type, density and
quality, commonly 0.15 0.25
Clay
Wet
Sandy
0.1 0.3
0.2 0.35
Silt
0.3 0.35
0.45 0.5
0.2 0.4
Loess
0.1 0.3
Ice
0.36
Concrete
0.15 0.25
Steel
0.28 0.31
N Vs Es for Sands
SPT N Value
Friction Angle
kN/m2
Very Loose
<4
<14
< 30
Loose
4 10
14 16
30 32
Medium
10 30
16 18
32 35
Dense
30 50
18 20
35 38
Very Dense
> 50
> 20
> 38
Dense
Young`s Modulus
Prof.R.Sundaravadivelu,
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras
Empirical
correlations summarized from
USACE EM 1110-1-1904 is presented below:
Es = KcCu
where: Es = Young's soil modulus (tsf)
Kc = correlation factor
Cu = undrained shear strength, tsf
Prof.R.Sundaravadivelu,
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras
Empirical
correlations summarized
from USACE EM 1110-1-1904 is
presented below:
Es = KcCu
where: Es = Young's soil modulus
(tsf)
Kc = correlation factor
Cu = undrained shear strength, tsf
Prof.R.Sundaravadivelu,
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras