G THE

STAR
FORMA
TION
AND
EVOLU
TION

GROUP 3 (A&D-11A

 For the elements lighter

than iron, fusion two
smaller elements into
larger element emit
energy.
Missing mass released
as energy.
Therefore, fusion of
elements lighter than
iron releases energy.

This not happen to iron

nuclei (rather than
releasing energy, the
fuse of iron nuclei
requires an input of
energy.
Therefore, elements
lighter than and
including iron can be
produced in a massive
star, but no elements
heavier than iron are
produced.

STAR
FORMATIO
N THEORY
collapses, the
fragments
PROTOSTAR
contract
to
form stellar

point that the

helium and
hydrogen
burning occur.
Helium is
converted carbon
Hydrogen
is
IN THE SHELL
SURROUNDINGtoTHE
converted
RED GIANT
helium

large amount of
energy.

The star
explosion is
O
called
N
R
E
P
SU

VA

THE DISCOVERY OF THE

MEDIUM OF GAS AND
DUST DURING THE EARLY
PART OF THE 20TH
CENTURY

SUPPORT THE STAR

FORMATION THEORY
( A CRUCIAL EVIDENCE)

interstellar medium(ISM)
is the matter that exists in
the space between the star
systems in a galaxy. This
matter includes gas in ionic,
atomic, and molecular form,

INFRARE
D
ASTRONOMERS
MEASURE
THE IR
(IR)
RADIATI
A FORM OF ENERGY
RELEASED
BY A
DETECTED FROM
PROTOSTAR
AND
DIFFERENT
STAGES OF
ON
COMPARE
IT TO
STAR FORMATION.
THE IR FROM A
NEARBY AREA
WITH ZERO
EXTINCTION.

(IN
ASTRONOMY)

EXTINCTION

THE ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

core

FUSION
LOW
MASS STAR
IN CORE
DECREASE
CONVERTE
> CARBON
FUSION
S
> OUTER MATERIAL
D INTO
NOT OCCUR
WILL
BLOWN OFF
INHAS ENOUGH
CARBON
A MASSIVE
STAR
THE SPACE MASSWHITE
SUCHDWARF
THAT
THE ONLY THING THAT REMAINS IS THE HOT AND
TEMPERATURE
AND
INERT CARBON
CORE
PRESSURE INCREASE TO A
SERI
ES O
F
POINT WHERE CARBON
STAG
ES
HEAVIER ELEMENTS
ARE
FUSE
FUSION
OCCUR.
IN THE CORE AND IN THE
SHELLS
AROUND
THE
CORE.
STAR

CARBON - OXYGEN
OXYGEN - NEON
NEON - MAGNESIU
MAGNESIUM - SILIC
SILICON - IRON
THE STAR BECOMES
A

MULTIPLESHELL
RED GIANT

MASSIVE
STAR

LOW-MASS
STAR

RED SUPER GIANT

RED GIANT

BORN
LIVE
DIE

K
E
y
P
O
I
N
T
S

Stellar nucleosynthesis the

process by which elements are
Protostar

a
stellar
core
formed
formed within the stars.
when the fragments of a
collapsed molecular cloud
Maincontract
Sequence Star formed when
gravitational equilibrium is reached
during the hydrogen fusion in a
protostar.
Red Giant a star that has use up its
hydrogen supply in the core and
switches into the thermonuclear
fusion of hydrogen in the shell
surrounding the core.

NEON, MAGNESIUM, SILICON,

AND IRON ARE FORMED IN ITS
CORE TOGETHER WITH
CARBON, HELIUM AND
THE
STAR FORMATION THEORY
HYDROGEN.
PROPOSES THAT STARS FORM
DUE TO THE COLLAPSE OF THE
DENSE REGIONS OF A
EVIDENCE
OF STAR
FORMATION
MOLECULAR
CLOUD.
COMES FROM STUDYING IR
EMISSIONS FROM THE
DIFFERENT STAGES OF STAR
EVOLUTIONS