Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
DISINFECTION
IMPORTANCE
To prevent cross infection.
Impossible to exclude all microbes from all
surfaces but it can be controlled.
Better to use disposable things as required as
possible , but
it is difficult to use certain
instruments only once because of its expensive
nature.
Certain
instruments
should
be
sterilized
compulsorily for treatment needs and prevention
of diseases.
Terminologies
Sterilization The process of making an article
free of microorganisms including both vegetative
and sporic forms.
Disinfection The process that kills pathogenic
microorganisms but cannot usually kill bacterial
spores.
Mechanism of action
Antimicrobial agent acts by
1. Protein denaturation.
2. Damage to cell membrane.
3. Inhibition of enzymes.
4. Alteration of nucleic material.
Monitoring of Sterilization
TWO TYPES
1. Process indicators.
2. Biologic indicators.
Process indicators
strips, tape or paper products marked with
special ink that changes colour with exposure to
heat steam or chemical vapour.
Ink changes colour when item being processed
have been subjected to sterilizing condition.
Biologic Indicators
CLASSIFICATION OF
INSTRUMENTS
Critical
Instruments that touches bone and soft tissues.
eg;surgical scalpel,burs etc .should be sterilized
compulsorily.
Semi critical
Instruments that touches only mucosal tissues but
not bone.eg; Mouth mirrors. should be sterilized.
Non critical
Instruments comes in contact with intact skin .
e.g.; x_ray head.can be disinfected.
Methods of sterilization
Moist heat
Dry heat
Chemiclave
Moist heat
More preferable and more reliable
method.
Commonly used method.
Pressure cooker principle in which the
increased pressure allows steam to attain
higher temperature needed to kill bacterial
spores.
Advantages:
Most efficient and reliable.
Simple to operate.
Flexibility of packaging ,loading and cycles.
Disadvantages:
Non stainless steel instruments may rust.
Low melting rubber and plastic cups cannot be
used.
Instruments that retain moisture take time to dry
and prolongs cycle.
Materials sterilized
Heavy duty rubber gloves.
Rust resistant instruments.
Heat resistant plastics.
Dressings.
Hand pieces.
Advantages
Does not rust instruments.
Not affect moisture sensitive compounds.
Low cost equipment.
Incineration
Burning of contaminated cloth, gauze,
paper and organic debris on instruments
is an effective method for destroying
microorganisms.
Instruments sterilized are
Bacterial inoculation loops.
Burs.
Dental broaches.
Boiling water
Method of disinfection.
Kills by denaturation of proteins.
Recommended conditions are 10 min
exposure to actively boiling water.
Not kills sporic forms.
Addition of 2%sodium carbonate to water
potentiates sporicidal effect.
Chemical Disinfectants
Commonly used are
Gluteraldehyde
Iodophors
Chlorine compounds
Formaldehyde
CHEMICLAVE
2%
gluteraldehyde for 10 min.
Instrument sterilization.
Dental mirrors- detergent and water ,autoclaving
and stored in covered packs.
Gloves disposable
Impression trays cleaned thoroughly with
detergent and wiped with alcohol sponge to
remove stubborn stains prior to heat sterilization,
wrap with suitable cloth and autoclave.
Secondary impression
Disinfected by immersing in 2.0% Alkaline
glutaraldehyde or iodophors.
Pathways of Cross-Infection
Every dental office's infection control program must
address preventing (or at least minimizing) the spread of
microorganisms. Generally, organisms can be spread in
three ways:
1.Direct contact. The touching of human tissues or
contacting blood or saliva by exposed skin and mucous
membranes.
3.Use
of disinfection
techniques.
Destroying
or
removing
most
microorganisms
from
non-sterilizable
surfaces through the application of
antimicrobial chemicals and thorough wiping
of contaminated surfaces is an effective
infection control strategy.
Stage 3.
Autoclaving instruments are subjected to
steam under pressure and held in this
environment for seven minutes kills bacteria
and spores also.