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OM AWIGHNAM ASTU NAMO SIDDHAM

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Linear

Equations

Graphs

of Linear Function

Solving

Systems of Two Linear Equations in Two Unknowns Graphically

Solving

Systems of Two Linear Equations in Two Unknowns Algebraically

Solving

Systems of Two Linear Equations in Two Unknowns by Determinants

Solving

Systems of Three Linear Equations in Three Unknowns Algebraically

Solving

Systems of Three Linear Equations in Three Unknowns by

Determinants

LINEAR EQUATIONS
Reflection:
Definition:
An equation is termed linear in
a given set of variabels if
each

term contains only one

variable

the

variable is to the first

power

or

is a constant

LINEAR EQUATIONS

Linear equation in one unknown

a

and b are constant

The

solution, or the root of the equation is

Denote that the solution of the linear equation is the same as the
zero of the linear function

LINEAR EQUATION

Linear equation in two unknowns

For

each value of x, theres a corresponding value for y. Each of

these pairs of numbers is a solution to the equation.

Any set of numbers, one for each variable,

that satisfies the equation

LINEAR EQUATION

System of simultaneous linear equations

The

solution of the system is any pair of values (x,y) that satisfies

both equation

Finding Solutions of Systems of

Linear Equation
Graphs

of linear function

Algebras

principle

Determinants

Graphs of Linear Function

The

slope of the line through two points is the difference in the y

coordinates devided by the difference in the x coordinates.

Graphs of Linear Function

Graphs of Linear Function

Graphs of Linear Function

=
m
It rises slowly

m=5
It rises sharply

=
m
It falls slowly

-1

m=5
It falls sharply

-5

Graphs of Linear Function

Slope-intercept form of the equation of a stright line.

The coefficient of x is the slope, and the constant is the ordinate
of the y-intercept.

Sketching Lines by Intercepts

Find

two points on the line and then draw the line through these
points.

By

setting x = 0 and y = 0, in turn, and determining the

corresponding value of the other unknown, we obtain te
coordinates of the intercepts.

Example: in sketching the line y = ax + b

x=0

y = b (y-intercept at (0,b))

y=0

x = -b/a (x-intercept at (-b/a,0))

Draw the line through (0,b) and (-b/a,0)

5.3 Solving Systems of Two Linear

Equations in Two Unknowns Graphically
Graphically

the solution would be the coordinates of the point

intersection of the two lines

We

must graph each line and determine the point of

intercection. This may lead to approximate result if the line
cross the points not used to determine the graph.

Solving Systems of Two Linear

Equations in Two Unknowns Graphically

Example:

Solve the system of equations:

The

lines intersect in a single

point, and each system has one
solution. Such systems are called
consistent and independent .

Point of
intersectio
n

Solving Systems of Two Linear Equations in

Two Unknowns Graphically
Inconsistent and Dependent Systems
Not all systems have just one such solution. A system may be:

has no solution
(inconsistent)
Lines
parallel

has

an unlimited
number of solution_no
unique solution can be
determined

(dependent)

Same line for

both
equations

5.4 Solving Systems Of Two Linear Equations In Two Unknows Algebraically

1
2
3
4
5

Solution by
Substitution

Solve one equation for one of the

unknowns.
Substitute this solution into the other
equation
Solve the resulting equation for the value
of the unknown it contains.
Substitute this value into the equation of
step 1 and solve for the other unknown.
Check the values in both original
equations

Solution by Addition or
Subtraction

Multiply all the terms of each equation by constant chosen so

that the coefficients of one of the unknowns will be numerically
the same in both equations.
If these numerically equal coefficients are opposite in
sign, we add the terms on each side of the resulting
equations.
If these numerically equal coefficients are same sign, we
subtract the terms on each side of one equation from the
terms
of the
other
After
either
adding
orequation.
substracting we have a simple linier
equation in one unknown, which we then solve for the
unknown. We then substitute this value into either one of the
original equations to find the value of the other unknown.

5.5 Solving Systems Of Two Linear Equations In Two Unknows by Determinants

Consider two linier equations in two

unknowns
If we multiply the first of these equations by
b2 and the second by b1 , we obtain
We see that the coefficients of y are the
same. Thus, substracting the second
equation from the first, we can solve for x.
the solution can be shown to be
In the same manner, we may show that

a1 x b1 y c1
a2 x b2 y c2

a1b2 x b1b2 y c1b2

a2b1 x b2b1 y c2b1

c1b2 c2b1
a1b2 a2b1

a1c2 a2 c1
y
a1b2 a2b1

a1b2 a2b1
The expression
, is an example of a
special kind of expression called a determinant of
the secondaorder.
is
1b2 a 2b1 The determinant
denoted by
Therefore, by definition, a determinant of the
second order is

a1

b1

a2

b2

he
f t mn
t o lu
en co
em nd
El co
se

Element of th
Prin
e
c
Eip
leal tgoofnth
a
le
firstmcedonia
lu
m
n
first row

Secondary
diagonal

a1
a2

b1
b2

Product of th Product of th
e element
e element
of the princip of the second
al
ar y
diagonal
diagonal

a1b2 a2b1
Element of th
e
second row

a1 x b1 y c1
a2 x b2 y c2

The solutions for x and y can be

written as

c1
c2
x
a1

b1
b2
b1

a2

b2

a1
a2
y
a1
a2

c1
c2
b1
b2

This result is referred to as Cramers rule

5.6 Solving Systems of Three Linear

Equations in Three Unknowns Algebraically

To solve systems of three linear equations in three unknowns algebraically we have

to:
1.

Multiplying two of the equations by the proper number to eliminate one of the
unknowns between these equations

2.

Repeat the first process, using a different pair of the original equation. Then, we
have two linear equations in two unknowns.

example. solve the follwing system equations

Multiplie
d by 2

Multiplied by 10

We process eliminite equations and the resold solutions is

z=-1/7
Y=-6/7
X=4/7

5.7 Solving Systems of Three Linear Equations

in Three Unknowns by Determinants
Determinant

of Third Order, define by:

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