STRAIGHTNESS & FLATNESS

TESTING
PROF.MD.KHALED KHALIL

Straightness & Flatness Testing

Methods
The Level Method.
The Autocollimator method.
The Beam Comparator Method.
Comparison With Surface of a Liquid
Method.
Optical Flat method.
METROLOGY

Level Method of Straightness

Testing
Level

METROLOGY

Level Method of Straightness

Testing

METROLOGY

Testing a straightness by Beam

Comparator
Length
AB=Length BC
Dial
Gauge

Beam
Comparator

Fixed
Surface
Leg under
test

ERRORS(mm
)

0.0
+2
0.0
1

Plung
er

0.0
1
0.0
2

Fig. Principle of Use of Beam

Comparator

Fig. Graph of error in

Straightedge
METROLOGY

Testing a straightness by Beam

Comparator
Position

Dial
Gauge
reding

Height above
or below Base

+1.1

+1.1

-1.2

+1.0

-1.5

-0.6

+0.5

-1.7

+3.6

+0.8

-4.0

+1.0

If any three points S,T, and U

on the profile and let their
heights above the base
line(AB) be denoted by yS,yT
and yU respectively. Then when
the instrument stands on S and
T, with the dial gauge in
contact at U and if the dial
gauge reading at U is r, the
height above the base line will
yU 2 yT y S y S r 2 yT y S r
be

METROLOGY

Autocollimator and Reflecting

Block for Straightness testing
MIRRO
R

REFLECTING
BLOCK

AUTOCOLLIMAT
OR
SURFACE UNDER
TEST

Fig.: Arrangement of Autocollimator and Reflecting Block for

Straightness Testing

METROLOGY

Testing Straightness by
Comparison with the Surface of
a Liquid

METROLOGY

Interference of Wave Motion

METROLOGY

Principle of Action of Optical Flat

METROLOGY

10

Typical Interference Patterns

METROLOGY

11

The End

Thank You !

METROLOGY

12