Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Your belief:
Regular oilbath is the key to good health
Your hypothesis
Regular exercise decreases the risk of DPN
Cross-sectional Study
Sample of
Population
Oilbath +
Prevalence of
DPN
Oilbath -
Prevalence of
DPN
Cross-sectional Study
Regular oilbath
+
D
P
N
10
9
0
9
0
10
Case-Control Study
Regular
OILBATH +
Regular
OILBATH Regular
OILBATH +
Regular
OILBATH Past
Cases
Patients with DPN
Controls
Patients w/o DPN
Present
Regular
OILBATH +
Prese
nt
DPN
No DPN
DPN
No
DPN
Futur
e
Experimental Studies
Clinical trials provide the gold
standard of determining the
relationship between OILBATH and
prevention of DPN.
Clinical Trial
R
a
n
Study d
Populatio o
m
n
i
z
e
Treatmen
t Group
Outcome
s
Control
Group
Outcome
s
Clinical Trial
Study
Populatio
n
R
a
n
d
o
m
i
z
e
OILBATH
No
OILBATH
No
DPN
DPN
No
DPN
DPN
Epidemiological Studies:
Summary
Neikkuri vs OGTT
A hypothetical comparison
OGTT
PRESNT
ABSENT
Neikkuri
+ ive
TRUE
FALSE
POSITIVE
POSITIVE
A B
C D
- ive
FALSE
NEGATIVE
TRUE
NEGATIVE
Neikkuri vs OGTT
A hypothetical comparison
OGTT
POSITIVE
PRESENT
ABSENT
50
A B
Neikkuri
C
NEGATIVE
55
100
SENSITIVITY
SPECIFICITY =
30
80
D
15
20
45
+IVE PV =
- IVE
PV =
+ ive
TRUE
FALSE
POSITIVE
POSITIVE
A B
C D
- ive
FALSE
NEGATIVE
TRUE
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
Positive
Negative
60
A B
Neikkuri
C
NEGATIVE
65
100
SENSITIVITY
SPECIFICITY =
30
90
D
5
10
35
+IVE PV =
- IVE
PV =
Subjectivity
Lack of Reliability (High variability)
Lack of Validity (vagueness)
Mentioned only for a very limited
number of conditions
Uses limited varieties of samples
Literature
Basic principles and philosophy
Basic sciences
Biotechnology
Social science
Engineering
Public health and programmatic
Development of guidelines