Label a heart diagram with the 4 chambers, 4 valves, and 4 major blood

vessels.
Draw the direction of blood flow through the heart.
Label the nodes and Purkinje fibers on a heart diagram
Label the wave parts on an ECG.
Evaluate an ECG for arrhythmias and identify the cause
Explain how blood pressure is produced

Cardiovascular System
Part 2: Heart Anatomy,
Circulation, & ECG
Goals:
15.1
Cardiovascular system
Heart
Pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Systemic circuit
Aorta
Vena Cava

15.2
Pericardium
Myocardium
Atria (singular: atrium)
Ventricles
Valves

Semilunar
Valves

Aortic

Pulmona
ry

Atrioventricular
Valves

Tricuspid

Bicuspid
Coronary artery

15.3
Cardiac cycle

Systole

Diastole

Lubb

Dupp
Pacemaker cells

Sinoatrial
(SA) node

Atrioventricu
lar (AV) node
Purkinje fibers

15.3 (continued)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Depolarization

Repolarization

P-wave

QRS Complex

T-wave

15.1 Clinical Application

Arrhythmia

Bradycardia

Tachycardia

Fibrillation

Heart Anatomy

Heart Anatomy
Myocardium
= cardiac
muscle
tissue
Pericardium
= tough
fibrous sac
around the
heart

Heart Anatomy
Heart

4 chambers
2 atria

Blood storage

2 ventricles

1 low-pressure pump
Goes to pulmonary circuit
1 high-pressure pump
Goes to systemic circuit

Left side separate from right side

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Heart

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Heart Anatomy

Heart Anatomy

Heart Anatomy
Coronary Arteries:

Supply blood to
the tissues of the
heart

Circulation
Blood circulates in 2 loops

Pulmonary circuit
To/from lungs

Systemic circuit
To/from other tissues

Each side of the heart controls flow

to either circuit

Circulation
*know the order & draw it
Pulmonary Circuit:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

R. atrium
R. ventricle
Pulmonary arteries
Lung capillaries
Pulmonary veins

Systemic Circuit:
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

L. atrium
L. ventricle
Aorta
Systemic arteries
Organ & tissue capillaries
Systemic veins
Vena cavas

Bonus Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=H04d3rJCLCE&feature=autoplay&list=PL774B76CBD01699A3&lf=
rellist&playnext=2 (3.5min)

Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac Cycle = 1
heartbeat; 1
contraction & 1
relaxation

Systole=
Ventricle contraction

Diastole=
Ventricle relaxation

Changes in blood
pressure opens/closes
valves
Lubb-Dupp sound
produced by the
closing of AV and
semilunar valves
respectively.

Cardiac Cycle
Please note that due to differing
operating systems, some animations
will not appear until the presentation is
viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide
Show view). You may see blank slides
in the Normal or Slide Sorter views.
All animations will appear after viewing
in Presentation Mode and playing each
animation. Most animations will require
the latest version of the Flash Player,
which is available at
http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

12

Conduction System
Pacemaker cells=

Spontaneously
produce action
potentials
Intercalated discs
spread
depolarization

Conduction System
Pacemakers:

Sinoatrial (SA) node:

initiates atrial

contraction
Sends signal from
location in the R. atrium
through the left atrium

Atrioventricular (AV)
node:
Located in the center
The AV node sends the

signal down the

purkinje fibers
Ventricles contract

Animation: Conducting
System of the Heart
Please note that due to differing
operating systems, some animations
will not appear until the presentation is
viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide
Show view). You may see blank slides
in the Normal or Slide Sorter views.
All animations will appear after viewing
in Presentation Mode and playing each
animation. Most animations will require
the latest version of the Flash Player,
which is available at
http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

15

Conduction System

ECG

(aka EKG)

Electrocardiogram

Evaluates
electrical events
in the heart

ECG

(aka EKG)

P-wave= atrial
depolarization
QRS-complex=
ventricular
depolarization
(w/atrial repolarization)

T-wave=
ventricular
repolarization

ECG

ECG

(aka EKG)

Arrhythmia=

Irregular heart
rhythms
Pacemakers irregular
Detectable by EKGs
Ex)
Bradychardia

fewer beats/min
than average
Tachychardia many
more beats/min than
average
Ventricular
fibrillation
haphazard
contractions

ECG

(aka EKG)

More arrythmias: http://www.rnceus.com/course_frame.asp?

exam_id=16&directory=ekg

Atrial Fibrillation:
http://www.usccardiology.org/patienteducation-electrophysiology-atrial

Blood Pressure
Blood pressure=
pressure exerted by
the blood against
the vessel walls
Normal = 120/80

120: systolic
pressure; highest
pressure
80: diastolic
pressure; lowest
pressure

Blood Pressure