Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Pathology
Ass.Prof Dr.Handan Doan
Ufuk University Pathology Department
Ankara
PATHOLOGY
Patoloji
General pathology
Focus
Systemic pathology
Examines
General pathology
Overview of cellular
responces
Homeostasis
Cell injury
Reversibl
Mild
rreversibl
With
Chemical Agents
Infectious Agents
Immunologic Reactions
Genetic Defects
Nutritional Imbalances
Physical Agents
Ageing
Oxygen Deprivation
Pneumonia,
Reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, as in blood loss
anemia,
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. (CO forms a stable complex with
hemoglobin that prevents oxygen binding.)
Chemical Agents
glucose or salt, if sufficiently concentrated, can so
derange the osmotic environment that cell injury
or death results.
Oxygen at sufficiently high partial pressures is
also toxic.
Poisons
Air pollutants, insecticides, CO, asbestos,
Drugs
Ethanol ve smoking
Infectious Agents
Immunologic Reactions
Although the immune system defends the
body against pathogenic microbes, immune
reactions can also result in cell and tissue
injury.
Examples include autoimmune reactions
against one's own tissues and allergic
reactions against environmental substances
in genetically susceptible individuals
Genetic Defects
Nutritional Imbalances
Physical Agents
Trauma,
Extremes of temperatures,
Radiation,
Electric shock,
Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure
type of injury,
its duration,
its severity
ATP Depletion
The activity of the plasma membrane energy-dependent sodium pump
is reduced, resulting in intracellular accumulation of sodium and efflux of
potassium. The net gain of solute is accompanied by iso-osmotic gain of
water, causing cell swelling and dilation of the ER.
There is a compensatory increase in anaerobic glycolysis in an attempt
to maintain the cell's energy sources. As a consequence, intracellular
glycogen stores are rapidly depleted, and lactic acid accumulates,
leading to decreased intracellular pH and decreased activity of many
cellular enzymes.Failure of the Ca2+ pump leads to influx of Ca2+, with
damaging effects on numerous cellular components., described below.
Reversibl injury
------------------------------------rreversibl injury
(cell death)
Cellular swelling
Fatty change
Fatty change is manifested by the
appearance of lipid vacuoles in the
cytoplasm.
It is principally encountered in cells
participating in fat metabolism (e.g.,
hepatocytes and myocardial cells)
reversible
CELL DEATH
NECROSS
APOPTOSS
CYTOPLASMA
Eosinophilic(RED)
Homojen
Vakuolated
NUCLEUS
PYKNOSS
KARYORREXS
KARYOLYSS
CELL NECROSS
Coagulative necrosis
Coagulative necrosis
Coagulative necrosis
Liquefactive necrosis
LIQUEFACTIVE
NECROSIS, BRAIN
Gangrenous necrosis
WET GANGRENE
DRY GANGRENE
Caseous necrosis
CASEOUS NECROSIS, TB
Caseous necrosis
Fat necrosis
Fibrinoid necrosis
FIBRINOID NECROSIS