Isolation and PPE

Group members,
ANWAR ULLAH
NOOR ULLAH
SHER ALI KHAN
SHERBAZ KHAN

Objectives
At the end of this presentation you will be able to:
Define isolation
Discuss types of isolation
Define PPE
Discuss Components of PPE
Uses of PPE

Isolation
In health care,isolationrefers to

various measures taken to

preventcontagious diseasesfrom
being spread from apatientto
other patients, health care workers,
and visitors, or from others to a
particular patient.

Cont .
Isolation is most commonly used

when a patient has aviral illness.

Special equipment is used in the
treatment of patients on the
various forms of isolation.
These most commonly include
gowns,masks, andgloves.

Types of precautions
Universal/standard precautions

Universal precautionsrefer to the

practice, inmedicine, of avoiding

contact with patients' bodily fluids,
by means of the wearing of
nonporous articles such asmedical
gloves,goggles, and face shields.

Cont .
Transmission-based precautions

Transmission-based precautionsare
additionalinfection controlprecautions
over and above universal/standard
precautions and the latest routine
infection prevention and control practices
applied for patients who are known or
suspected to be infected or colonized with
infectious agents, including
certainepidemiologicallyimportantpathog
ens.

There are three types of transmission-based

precaution:
Contact precautionsare intended to prevent

transmission of infectious agents, including

epidemiologically importantmicroorganisms, which
are spread by direct or indirect contact with the
patient or the patients environment.

Droplet precautionsare intended to prevent

transmission of pathogens spread through close

respiratory or mucous membrane contact with
respiratory secretions.

Airborne precautionsprevent transmission of

infectious agents that remain infectious over long

distances when suspended in the air (e.g., rubeola
virus [measles], varicella virus [chickenpox], M.
tuberculosis, and possibly SARS-CoV).

Forms of isolation
Strict isolationis used for diseases spread

through the air and in some cases by contact

Patients must be placed in isolation to
prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Those who are kept in strict isolation are
often kept in a special room at the facility
designed for that purpose.
Such rooms are equipped with a
speciallavatoryand caregiving equipment,
and a sink and waste disposal are provided
for workers upon leaving the area.

Cont .
Contact isolationis used to prevent the

spread of diseases that can be spread through

contact with open wounds. Health care workers
making contact with a patient on contact
isolation are required to weargloves, and in
some cases, agown.
Respiratory isolationis used for diseases that

are spread through particles that

areexhaled.Those having contact with or
exposure to such a patient are required to wear
a mask.

Cont .
Blood and body fluids precautions
This method is used when there is concern

about communicable diseases found in a

patient's body fluid. Health care workers
making contact with the patient when body
fluids are involved must weargloves
Reverse isolationis a method to prevent
a patient in a compromised health situation
from being contaminated by other people
or objects.

High isolationis used to prevent the spread of

unusually highly contageous, or high

consequence, infectious diseases (e.g., smallpox,
Ebola virus). It stipulates mandatory use of:
(1) Gloves (or double gloves if appropriate),
(2) Protective eyewear (goggles or face shield),
(3) A waterproof gown (or total body suite, if
appropriate),
(4) Arespirator,notsimply a surgical mask.
Sometimes negative pressure roomsorpowered
air-purifying respirators(PAPRs) are also used.

Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is
specialized clothing or equipment worn
by an employee for protection against
infectious materials.

Hierarchy of Safety and Health

Controls
Training and administrative
controls
Engineering controls
Work practice controls
Personal protective equipment

Components of (PPE)
Specific components of PPE. Including gloves,

gowns, shoe covers, head covers, masks,

respirators, eye protection, face shields, and
goggles.
Gloves help protect when directly handling

potentially infectious materials or contaminated

surfaces.
Gowns

Gowns help protect from the contamination of

clothing with potentially infectious material.

Cont ..
Shoe and Head Covers

Shoe and head covers provide a barrier against

possible exposure within a contaminated environment.

Masks and Respirators

Surgical masks help protect our nose and mouth from

splattered of body fluids, respirators filter the air
before you inhale it.

Other Face and Eye Protection

Goggles help protect only your eyes from splatters. A

face shield provides splatter protection to facial skin,
eyes, nose, and mouth.

Key Points About PPE

Don before contact with the
patient, generally before entering
the room
Use carefully dont spread
contamination
Remove and discard carefully,
either at the doorway or
immediately outside patient room;

Sequence* for Donning PPE

Gown first
Mask or respirator
Goggles or face shield
Gloves

How to Don a Gown

Select appropriate type and size
Opening is in the back
Secure at neck and waist
If gown is too small, use two gowns
Gown #1 ties in front
Gown #2 ties in back

How to Don a Particulate

Respirator

Select a fit tested respirator

Place over nose, mouth and chin
Fit flexible nose piece over nose bridge
Secure on head with elastic
Adjust to fit
Perform a fit check

Inhale respirator should collapse

Exhale check for leakage around face

How to Don Gloves

Don gloves last
Select correct type and size
Insert hands into gloves
Extend gloves over isolation gown
cuffs

How to Safely Use PPE

Keep gloved hands away from face
Avoid touching or adjusting other
PPE
Remove gloves if they become
torn; perform hand hygiene before
donning new gloves
Limit surfaces and items touched

Sequence for Removing PPE

Gloves
Face shield or goggles
Gown
Mask or respirator

Where to Remove PPE

At doorway, before leaving patient
room or in anteroom*
Remove respirator outside room,
after door has been closed*
* Ensure that hand hygiene facilities are available at the point
needed, e.g., sink or alcohol-based hand rub

Hand Hygiene
Perform hand hygiene immediately
after removing PPE.

If hands become visibly contaminated during PPE removal,

wash hands before continuing to remove PPE

Wash hands with soap and water

or use an alcohol-based hand rub
* Ensure that hand hygiene facilities are available at the point
needed, e.g., sink or alcohol-based hand rub

What Type of PPE Would You

Wear?

Giving a bed bath?

Generally none
Suctioning oral secretions?

Gloves and
mask/goggles or a
face shield
sometimes gown
Transporting a patient in a
wheel chair?

Generally none
required
Responding to an emergency
where blood is spurting?

Gloves, fluidresistant gown,

mask/goggles or a

Drawing blood from a vein?

Gloves
Cleaning an incontinent
patient with diarrhea?

Gloves w/wo gown

Irrigating a wound?

Gloves, gown,
mask/goggles or a
face shield
Taking vital signs?

Generally none

Use of PPE for Expanded

Precautions
Contact Precautions Gown and gloves
for contact with patient or environment
of care (e.g., medical equipment,
environmental surfaces)
In some instances these are required for entering
patients environment

Droplet Precautions Surgical masks

within 3 feet of patient
*Negative
Airborne
Infection
Isolation
Particulate
pressure
isolation room
also required
respirator*

Refrences
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_(health_care)
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstr

uctions/000446.htm
www.cdc.gov/hicpac/2007ip/2007isolationprec
autions
www.medscape.com/viewarticle/769914
www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/dtopics/inf
ectioncontrol/ppe
www.who.int/features/2014/ebola-liberia/en

Summa
ry