Załącznik Bez Tytułu 00174

Training of billition health
and safety for the employers
The purpose of the training
The purpose of the training in which you are taking part is:
to get familiar with the basic health & safety regulations
in your workplace, stated in the Labor Code, in the
collective barganing or in the work regulations
to know better the regulations and rules related to
health and safety which take place in the company
to know the rules of providing the first aid in case of an
accident
The definition of BHP
What actually is BHP?
Billiton health and safety (BHP):

Set of conditions that need to be fulfilled so that
people can work safely i.e. without incident or
harm to your health;
The definition of BHP
Within the aims of BHP, we can mention:

the protection of workers from the accidents at work and
occupational diseases,
the actions which aim is to reduce the threat while
performing some dangerous, harmful and cumbersome
works,
the protection of the employees rights,
the protection of the material goods which serve to
preserve the work.
LAW REGULATIONS
FROM THE FIELD OF
LABOR LAW
CONCERNING THE
OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH
AND SAFETY
Labor code article207
1.The employer bears responsibility for the condition of

employees work safety.
2.The employer is obliged to protect the health and life

of the workers through providing safe and hygienic work
conditions
by
using
the
achievements
of
science
technology properly in the workplace.
and
Labor code article207 2
The employer is especially obliged to:

- organize the work in a way that provides safe and hygienic
work conditions;
1) to provide the observance of the BHP regulations in the
workplace,
to give instructions of the removal of deficiencies in this area
and
to control the performance of these orders;
2)
to react for the needs in the field of preserving the work
health and safety and adjusting the measures taken to

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improve the existing level of protection of health
and life of
4) to ensure the development of coherent policies aimed at

preventing accidents at work and occupational diseases,
taking into account the technical issues, organization of
work, working conditions, social relationships and the
influence of environmental work factors
5) to take into account the health of young people, pregnant
or breastfeeding women and disabled workers in the
framework of preventive action taken;
6) to ensure compliance with orders, speeches, decisions and
orders issued by the supervisory authorities on working
conditions;
The employer is obliged to ensure safe and healthy

working conditions referred to Art. 207 2, for individuals
who
work
on
basis
other
than
an
employment
relationship in the workplace or at a place designated by the

employer, as well as those engaged in the workplace or at a
place designated by the employer to the self-employed
economic activity.
The obligations laid down in Art. 207 2 [the employer's

obligations regarding health and safety] shall apply to
enterpreneurs who are not the employers, organizing
work performed by individuals:
on a basis other than employment;
leading to the self-employed economic activity.
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Work in the client's premises

Sii
According to the 304 1 and 3 of the Labor Code, while
working on a customer's premises Sii, the company is obliged:
to provide work place in accordance with the requirements

of safety,
to familiarize with the danger at the headquarters [risk

assessment]
to train in the workplace,
to appoint a coordinator.
11
The costs of actions taken by the employer on safety and

health in no way involve the workers.
12
The employer and the person managing employees are

required to know the extent necessary to perform their
obligations, rules of labor protection, including the rules and
principles of safety and health.
13

point 1
The employer is obliged to provide employees information
about the risks to health and life occurring
a) in the workplace
b) at individual workplaces
c) at work performed
14

point 3 and 2
The employer is obliged to provide employees information
about employees designated to provide first aid,
Information includes:
first name and last name;
place of work;
work phone number
15
ORGANIZING LIABILITY
OF WORKERS
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Organizing liability of workers
The Labor Code distinguishes between three types of

penalties that an employer may take in relation to their
employee's failure to comply with his/her rules and safety
regulations.
The penalties are:
warning,
reprimand,
money.
17

The penalty of warning
and reprimand
threatens the worker for
not abiding :
established organization
and order in the work
process,
health and safety
regulations,
fire regulations,
the method of confirming
the arrival and presence at
work and justify absences
from work.
A fine threatens the

worker for not abiding :
health and safety

regulations and fire
regulations,
leave work without
justification,
reporting to work drunk or
consuming alcohol at
work.
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The fine per violation and for each day of unexcused

absence can not be higher than the one-day salary.
Proceeds from fines is earmarked for improving the safety and

health at work.
19
FACTORS CONSIDERED WHILE APPLYING THE PENALTIES
When using punishment employer shall take into account in

particular:
type of misconduct,
the degree of fault of the employee,
his/her previous attitude to work.
The penalty can be applied only after hearing the person.
20
Labor Code article283 1
Whoever, being responsible for the state of occupational

health and safety or directing employees or other individuals
does not comply with safety and health at work, will be
punishable by a fine from 1000 PLN to
30 000 PLN
21
Labor Code
A fine from 1,000 to 30,000 PLN may be subjected to:
the employer,
persons managing employees,
entrepreneur who is not the employer, who organizes the

work done by individuals,
any employee who among his/her duties is responsible for

the condition of health and safety.
22
Labor Code article220 1
1.Whoever, being responsible for the safety and health at

work, fails to fulfill the resulting obligation and therefore
exposes the worker to the immediate danger of death or
serious bodily injury, will be punishable by imprisonment up to
3 years.
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THE PROTECTION OF
WORKING WOMEN
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The protection of pregnant

women
absolute prohibition of the employment of
more than 8 hours per day,
ban the delegation without her consent,
except permanent place of employment,
obligation to transfer to another position, if
her health condition does not allow doing
the work so far,
the right to maternity leave (Art. 180 lc)
break for feeding the child (Art. 187 lc)
women raising a child under the age of 4,
the prohibition of employment without the
consent of more than 8 hours daily,
overtime and at night (art. 178 of the
Labor Code).
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women
Employees in pregnancy cannot be made redundant nor their
contract can be terminated. It shall be extended until the day
of birth.
Exceptions:
disciplinary dismissal,
a contract for a trial period of 1 month
contracts for a period of absence of another employee.
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women
BREAK FOR THE BREASTFEEDING
o Employed from 4 to 6 hours daily - one

30 min. break
o Employed more than 6 hours daily- 2 x

30 min. break
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Manual transport
Permissible limits for manual handling (occasional work) :
Men
50 kg
Women
20 kg
Pregnant women and in the period of
breastfeeding
5 kg
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Manual transport
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EMPLOYMENT
PROTECTION OF
YOUNG PEOPLE
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EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION OF
YOUNG PEOPLE
Juvenile within the meaning of labor law is a person who has

attained 16 years old and did not exceed 18 years.
Allowed to employ are only those young people who:

a) have completed at least high school,
b) present a medical certificate stating that work of a given
type does not endanger their health.
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ORGANIZATIONS
SURVEILLANCE AND
CONTROLLING
WORKING CONDITIONS
32
State Labor Inspectorate
The tasks of the State Labor Inspectorate are

as follows:
supervision and control of compliance with labor law and

health and safety requirements
analyzing the causes of accidents at work and occupational

diseases
prosecution of offenses against employee rights
providing advice
33
State Labor Inspectorate reports directly to the Polish

parliament
NOTE!
SLI inspectors have the right to inspect any place where work
is performed only on presentation of a business card.
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Area of operation of the State Sanitary Inspection

is as follows:
Environmental hygiene,
Safety in the workplace,
The health conditions of food and nutrition.
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PREVENTIVE HEALTH
CARE FOR EMPLOYEES
36
Health Protection
Health surveillance includes:
informing employees of the occupational risks
prevention of occupational diseases,
preventive medical examinations,
providing food and drinks prevention,
ensuring adequate hygienic and sanitary condition of

premises,
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Preventive medical
examination
1.
Preliminary
2.
Periodic
3.
Control
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Preventive medical
examination
Preliminary medical examination:
the person newly employed to work,
Periodic medical examinations:
all employees, also optionally after
completion of the work, as they were exposed to the

harmful conditions,
Medical examination:
employees after the inability to work which lasts longer

than 30 days due to illness.
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IDENTIFICATION, ANALYSIS
AND ASSESSMENT OF
RISKS FACTORS HARMFUL
TO HEALTH, BURDENSOME
AND DANGEROUS AND
ASSESSING THE RISK
ASSOCIATED WITH THESE
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Identification of risk factors

Hazards identification should include:
identification
of
any
hazardous
and
harmful
factors
occurring at the workplace,
selection of harmful and dangerous properties, which has a

decisive impact on man and determine their value,
to determine how these factors can affect the human (roads

going into the body, the mechanism of impact and scope of
the changes)
the timing or frequency of human exposure to existing

threats,
determine the number of persons exposed.

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How to get information about

threats
The source of this information can be:
technical data about the object or process,
technological procedures and manuals,
environmental monitoring work,
observation made in the workplace,
watching actions performed outside the workplace,
interviews with employees,
results of measurements of harmful and dangerous threats,

occurring on the job post
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Which factors occur in the process

of work
Dangerous factors whose impact on the worker leads or
may lead to injury (accidents at work).
Factors harmful to health, whose impact on the worker
leads or may lead to disease.
Burdensome factors whose impact on the worker leads or
may lead to fatigue and distraction.
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Dangerous factors
moving and loose parts- moving machines and machine

parts, tools, vehicles,
sharp and protruding elements - all blades, sharp
edges, uneven surfaces, obstacles,
movement of people - trips, falls (from a height and the
same level), falling to a third party,
electric shock - service electrical equipment
burn - hot or cold surfaces and substances
fire and / or explosion - explosives and flammable
substances.
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Health Harmful factors
PHYSICAL
PSYCHONEUR
OTIC
CHEMICAL
BIOLOGICAL
TOXIC
PLANT
MICROORGANISMS STATIC LOAD
IRRITANT
ANIMAL
MICROORGANISMS DYNAMIC LOAD
SENSITIZING
MACROORGANISMS
PSYCHONEUROT
IC LOAD
MICROCLIMA
TE
CARCINOGENIC
RADIATION
LIGHTING
NOISE
VIBRATION
INDUSTRIAL
DUSTS
MUTAGENIC
IMPARING
REPRODUCTIVE
FUNCTION
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Burdensome factors
Noise conversation, usage of electrical equipment, noise

from outside the building.
Forced position of the body - staying for long periods in
uncomfortable, forced positions.
The monotony of work - to repeat a single action causes
fatigue, off focus and attention.
Improper lighting.
Stress - related to the terms, the relationship between
employees and management. It causes hyperactivity,
nervousness, frustration.
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The hazard analysis

The hazard analysis includes:
Identification of the source of emerged threats
The term consequences that may arise in connection

with the occurrence of hazards
Proposed preventive action to eliminate the hazard

or reduce it
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Risk assessment
Occupational risk is likely to occur among workers of

adverse health effects as a result of hazards in the working
environment or arising from the way of performing work.
The analysis of the risk assessment comprises:
Job Description
Identification and analysis of hazards
Risk assessment
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Risk assessment
Estimating the occupational risks associated with individual

hazards identified at workplaces is to ascertain:
the probability of threats,
the severity of the harmful consequences of these

threats,
Additionally, you may reach third factor - the exposure to the

hazard.
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Risk assessment
A properly conducted risk assessment helps employers
and corporate management:
To define the measures to be taken to ensure the safety and

health of workers,
To make the right decisions when selecting equipment

workplaces and work organization,
To show that all the risks associated with the work process
were taken into account and that they have taken all necessary
measures to ensure the safety and health at work,
To check whether security measures and working methods

adopted by the risk assessment,
To ensure the improvement of the security situation.

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SHAPING SAFE AND

HEALTHY WORKING
CONDITIONS.
WORKING WITH
DISPLAY SCREEN.
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Shaping safe And healthy working

conditions
Art. 207 lc
The main task of the employer in the context of security
and health at work is to protect the health and lives of
employees.
This is done by:
the use of scientific and technological achievements to

ensure safe and hygienic conditions at work,
compliance with regulations and safety rules,
conducting safety training
creation of a coherent policy to prevent accidents at work

and
occupational
diseases,
taking
into
account
the
specificity of work in Sii
protection of pregnant and breastfeeding52 women and

conditions
Art. 207 lc
The employer is obliged to inform workers about:
threats to their health and life that occur in workplaces and
ways
of
preventing
them,
by
honestly
making
assessment,
procedures in case of accident, fire and evacuation
employees responsible for providing first aid.
(Based on Article 207 ^ 1 lc)
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risk

conditions
Art. 207 lc
The person responsible for the safety of workers should be
aware of the need to eliminate potential hazards in the work
processes.
Difficulties in conducting health and safety policy arise mostly

from:
downplay the health and safety issues by both employers

and emloyees,
the lack of organization of the workplace in a safe and

ergonomic
manner,
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conditions
Art. 207 lc
lack of funds for proper equipment jobs, especially in
equipment to protect workers
insufficient knowledge of hazards,
inadequate skills in identifying existing hazards and
how to reduce them,
lack of supervision.
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What to do to increase sensitivity

to issues of health and safety?
Carry out safety training in a way that is interesting and
encouraging.
So it means with the use of real events, facts, results,
gadgets, for example fire extinguisher.
Show common good for the employer and the employee
resulting from the cooperation in the field of safe work.
Provide health benefits resulting from compliance with
safety rules.
Visualize economic losses associated with accidents at
work.
Honestly assess occupational risk and present employees
the ways of protecting against threats.
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Working with the

computer
When working with a computer is hard to imagine an event
potentially accident. Nevertheless, it is worth considering the
safety of such work, in the context of increasing ailments and
diseases.
Long-term (working more than 4 hours per day) computer
usage may affect the health of everyone. Pain in the back,
legs and wrists, varicose veins, ischemia of the lower limbs or
worsening of vision are now the consequences of improper
organization and working conditions with the computer,
already affecting people aged 20-25 years. The downward
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trend has been complaining about the age of these ailments.
Working with the computer
As the following will be presented the principle of the

organization of the work, which task is to reduce the adverse
health effects.
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What is the arduousness of

working with the computer?
Working at the
computer is
cumbersome due
to:
forced, fixed
posture,
the variability of
the image
viewed on the
monitor screen,
low
concentration of
negative ions in
the air (typical
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office
space),
Ergonomic work position

What is ergonomics?
Ergonomics is the perfect fit for the construction of the
furniture to the natural shape and movements of a man.
Armchair fulfilling its principles creates perfect harmony with
our body, but not impaires our work, improves comfort and
efficiency. Feature ergonomic chairs must ensure a stable
body support in the correct position, such as to minimize
consequences prolonged static position at work.
How to organize the workplace to meet the requirements of

ergonomics?
Let's analyze the image below.
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Ergonomic work position
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Key features of ergonomic

posture and the position of
computer parameters
The height of the chair: height is the minimum that
the chair must meet. Feet should be based firmly and freely
on the ground and thighs should be parallel to the floor or
create with it slightly open angle (between 90 and 115
degrees). When the chair on which we sit, is too high, our
attitude affects the knees, blood circulation, and numbness in
the legs can be caused. When the chair is too low, abnormal
position of the legs, hips impairs the lumbar spine and causes
painful ailments of shoulders and neck.
62

computer parameters
Armrests. Support forearms on the armrests, reduce the

load on the spine and shoulders. The shape and dimensions of
the armrests should be conducive to natural positioning of
hands and unloading of the spine. The armrests for height
setted properly provide an angle of 90 degrees between the
arm and forearm.
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computer parameters
Depth. The appropriate seat depth is also an important

element. The seat should have a range of adjustments to
enable us to freely occupy a comfortable position. It should
not hurt our knees. The minimum depth of the seat should
therefore be greater than the length of our drumsticks.
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computer parameters
The backrest. An extremely important issue is to adjust it
to the natural human motion - the angle of the backrest
tilt should allow us the full range of necessary physical
activities, without getting away from the seat.
The chair should have a height adjustment of the backrest or
adjustment of the lumbar support. The minimum height of the
backrest should provide support for the blades. Ideally, the
chair possesses the profile of the backrest, which provides
adequate lumbar support. Inadequate back support, or lack of
it, unduly burdens the back muscles.
65
Key features of ergonomic posture

and the position of computer
parameters
The deviation of the body to the back, in the case of
poorly-adjusted
seat,
can
lead
to
degeneration
of
the
intervertebral cartilage at the lumbar spine. Leaning forward

too much burdens and degenerates the shoulders and
shoulder joints, and neck muscle tension can be caused.
Moreover, much worse blood supply to the brain can happen,
which may result in hypoxia, difficulty in concentrating, fatigue
and tension.
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parameters
The angle of the backrest tilt. Should ensure permanent

contact with our back, providing them adequate support. On
the market there are two types of movement mechanisms,
first one which automatically adjusts the angle of the backrest
and those in which the user adjusts the angle by means of a
knob.
67

computer parameters
68

computer parameters
Position. The seat should provoke a user to change position
from time to time, as this will offload the spine, the ideal
solution is to allow the free swinging. During repositioning one
should aim to change the angle of the spine - intervertebral
discs are the most loaded during prolonged sitting in one
static position. The chair should "follow" the user's body
movement actively supporting the back and spine.
69

computer parameters
Way of sitting at a desk is the result of properly
selected chair and desk height adjusted to height of
the employee. 67% of all employees sit improperly, without
contact with the back backrest and the front edge of a chair,
with his feet tucked under the chair or without the possibility
of
comfortable
foothold.
The
most
common
health
consequences, in accordance with the results of Ergotest

include:
back pain and neck (89% of employees)
degenerative changes of the spine, numbness and tingling

of the legs (47%),
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parameters
The keyboard and mouse
are
mobile
devices
that
adapt to our needs, not the

other way round.
Keyboard
should
be
placed on the elbows height.

And if it is higher, use the
wrist supports. Hands piled
on the keyboard should not
be bent.
71

parameters
72

parameters
Mouse - inappropriate use of it, can cause an occupational
disease - carpal tunnel syndrome. For this reason, the whole
hand from the thumb to the tips of the fingers should lie
comfortably on the mouse. Part of the mouse, on which hand
is lied should be convex and the front part must be lower than
the back.
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parameters
74
What other symptoms

accompany the work with the
computer?
Computer
users
frequently
complain
of
the
following
symptoms:
headaches
pain around the eyes
voltage neck pain, back shoulders, arms,
backaches
sleepiness, fatigue, which does not disappear after rest,
hypersensitivity,
pain,
tension,
tightness,
burning,
watery, itchy eyes.
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stinging,
And what happens to eyes

after long hours of working in
front of a monitor?
Blurred vision when looking into the distance after
working at the computer.
Blurred vision up close.
The deterioration of visual acuity at the end of the day.
Double vision of the screen.
vision problems are related to difficulty in concentrating,
feelings of irritability at work, shedding, lowering or
repetition of rows, mixing columns, words or numbers
76
How to train your eyes?
Recognize the surroundings, look at the different

shapes and colors behind the monitor and around you.
Under natural conditions, eye changes objects of interest in
focusing again on close objects, once on the distant ones. In
this case, the user's vision is focused for several hours at a
constant distance and rarely have the opportunity to change
it. This leads to relaxation of the muscles of the eyeball, and
consequently to problems with the accommodation of eyes.
77
How to train your eyes?

Do not send misleading signals to the brain dampening cornea of the eye.
Normally, the cornea is moistened during the blink, as a result
of the lachrymal secretion distribution. Alert for eyelids is sent
by the brain and its result is followed by a wink. When working
with a computer user moves his eyes from the monitor to the
keyboard and back while doing small, involuntary movements
of the eyelids. Many of these movements are read by the
brain as a wink (they are called pseudo blinks), resulting in the
brain, which is no longer sending another signal for the
necessity of eye blinking. The effect of this is dryness of the
lower part of the eye, it affects the most severe78patients with
What else is threatening me?
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Injuries
resulting
from
assembly with repeated

overload hands
Back pain, tension and

muscle contractures
psychosomatic disorders
stress
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Basic principles of working with

the computer
Accordingly
organized
workplace
guarantees
maximum comfort and full performance. To make it so

you have to:
secure a maximum field of vision beyond the monitor

screen and see your surrounding,
blink every 3-5 seconds,
eliminate glare,
take care of proper lighting,
keep proper body position,
use proper technique of writing,
take breaks at work.

80
What should a worker obtain

for working in arduous
conditions?
After a long working time with the computer (over 4 hours)

employee is entitled to a five-minute break included in
the working hours, the employee is entitled a break after
each hour of computer work. You can not combine the entitled
breaks. The employer can not give breaks to the employee
after a few hours or at the end of the working day.
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What should a worker obtain

for working in arduous
conditions?
The employer in exchange for a break organizes the work of
the employee, it will be a combination of working with the
computer with a different type of work. In this case the
employee is not entitled to five-minute breaks. It is the
employer who decides how to ensure the worker to rest from
work from a display screen.
Legal basis: Regulation of the Ministry of Labor from 1

December 1998. On safety and health at work on posts
equipped with computer monitors (Journal of Laws No. 148,
item. 973).
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83
ANALYSIS OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES

AND CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AT
WORK AND RELATED PREVENTION;
DISCUSSION OF THE CAUSES OF
SPECIFIC ACCIDENTS AT WORK,
WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON
ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY IMPROPER
Micha Chojecki
ORGANIZATION
Specjalista ds.OF
bhpWORK,
i PPO
AND THE
RELATED PREVENTION
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
84
84
"The overall objective of economic

activity (business) is to survive at
the market. The basis of business
economics is not to maximize
profits but to minimize losses."
85
85
Iceberg costs of health and

safety
The ratio of expenses to improve safety standards for hidden
costs due to accidents is 1:10. If you incur expenses for
improving the safety of PLN 10,000 100,000 it will avoid the
cost of 100,000 in case of an accident or disaster.
86
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Iceberg costs of health and

safety
The hidden costs of health
Visible costs of safety:
Health and safety
inspectors employment;
training staff safety;
purchase of individual
and collective
protection;
modernization of
technological processes;
the purchase of new
(safe) machinery and
equipment
and safety in the event of an

accident or disaster:
accident costs;
the cost of compensation
payments;
costs associated with the loss
of property;
of working time;
of reputation of the company;
No new orders at a high rate of
Accident at work
An accident at work is an event which is:
sudden,
caused by an external cause,
causing injury or death,
having to do with work.
All these elements must exist simultaneously to classify the

event suffered by a worker as an accident at work. Lack of
even one of these factors prevents recognition of an event as
an accident at work.
88
Accident at work
The suddenness of the event - an event occurred

within one working daily rate
Injury - damage to body tissues or organs of man in the
action of an external factor.
Connection with work -
happens when the essential
cause of the accident is caused by an employee while

fulfilling obligations arising from employment relationship or
related, i.e. when an employee works for the employer.
89
Accident at work
In particular, connection with work takes place:
during or in connection with the exercise
of ordinary activities or commands of the superiors,
during or in connection with performance of activities
for the employers, even without instructions,
when the employee remains at the disposal of the employer

in the road
between the seat of the employer, and the place of

performance of the obligation arising from the employment
relationship.
90
Accident at work
Connection
with
localization)
begins
work
when
(both
the
in
terms
employee
of
time
and
exceeded
the
company gates, the entrance to the employer or to the

building, which houses the company and ends at the moment
and place to leave the company. All normal shutdown
(organizational, physiological) does not interrupt connection
with their work.
91
Accident at work
External cause - the event was due to external factors

such as .:
injuries caused by moving parts, loose sharp and protruding

machinery, equipment and power tools,
too low and high temperatures (frostbite, burns)
chemical substances (eg. poisoning)
physical effort required to perform work (eg. heavy weight

even when they not exceed the legal limit)
injuries caused by tripping and falling.

92
Types of accidents at work
A serious accident at work is an accident which results in

serious bodily injury, such as loss of vision, hearing, speech,
reproductive, other injury or health disorder, affecting basic
functions of the body, as well as incurable or lifethreatening, permanent mental illness, total or partial
inability to work in the profession or in a permanent,
significant disfigurement or distortion of the body.
93
Types of accidents at work
A fatal accident at work is an accident which resulted in

the death occurred in a period not exceeding 6 months
from the date of the accident.
The collective accident at work is an accident of which as

a result at least two people were injured.
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Accidents treated equally to

accidents at work:
Equally with accidents at work are treated the
accidents:
during a business trip;
while training with the scope of common self-defense;
at
performing
tasks
ordered
by
functioning
at
the
employer's trade unions.

Determination of such cases was directly in Art. 3. 2 of the
Act of 30 October 2002. on social insurance with accidents at
work and occupational diseases.
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The accident on the way to or from

work:
Definition:
sudden event
caused by external causes
took place on the way to or from the place of employment,

if the road was the shortest one and has not been
interrupted.
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The employee's duties in the

event of an accident:
Immediately notify your supervisor.
Warn co-workers and other persons

in the area before the impending
threat of danger.
Provide assistance to the victim.
97
The obligations of the employer in

case of accident
1. Secure the scene of the accident.
2. Take the necessary steps to eliminate or reduce the threat.
3. Provide first aid to the injured.
4. Immediately notify the labor inspector and prosecutor of a
fatal, serious or collective accident at work and any other
that caused these consequences as being affiliated with job
if it can be considered accident at work.
5. Establish the circumstances and causes of the accident.
6. Take appropriate measures to prevent similar accidents.
7. Prepare appropriate post-accident documentation.
98
The obligations of the employer in

case of accident
The
circumstances
and
cause
of
the
accident
is
determined and appointed by the team chosen by the

employer, which includes safety and health care worker and
social work inspector.
Employer who is not required to create the security forces and

health at work, post-accident team instead of professional
safety and health at work includes employer or employee
employed on other work, on whom the employer has
entrusted the performance of the duties of the occupational
health and safety, or a specialist from outside the
99 workplace.
The basic tasks of the injury team
1. Immediately after receiving news of the accident injury

team is obliged to accede to determine the circumstances
and causes of the accident, in particular:
2. Visually inspect the scene of an accident, the state of the
equipment and other technical devices, the state of
protective devices, examine the conditions of work and
other circumstances that could have an impact on the
formation of an accident,
3. If necessary, draw a sketch or photograph which performs
the scene of an accident,
100
The basic tasks of the injury team
4. Listen to explanations of the victim if his health allows,

5. Collect information about the case from witnesses of the
accident.
6. Consult a doctor and, if appropriate, the opinion of other
specialists to the extent necessary to assess the nature
and consequences of the accident.
7. Collect other evidence regarding the accident.
Each team member has the right to submit the accident report
dissenting opinion, which should be justified.
101
Protocol after the accident
Accident
protocol
is drawn up after establishing the
circumstances and causes of accidents at work no later than

within 14 days from the date of the notification of the
accident. This delay may occur in cases where there are
legitimate obstacles or difficulties that prevent the accident
report from drawning up at the specified time. (inability to
hear oral argument of the victim because of his state of
health, the need to appoint specialists).
102
Causes of accidents at work

in the framework of technical
factors:
1. Improper condition of the material factor, eg .:
. structural defects of machines and technical equipment and
tools
. inadequate stability, the strength of the material factor,
. lack of or inadequate protective devices.
2. Improper material factor (the use of substitute materials,
failure to comply with required technical parameters)
3. Material defects material factor,
4. Improper operation of the material factor (overexploitation
of the material factor, its poor maintenance, improper
repair and overhaul).
103

in the context of
organizational factors:
1. Improper general organization of work, eg .:
. incorrect division of labor or planning tasks,
. improper command of the superiors,
. lack of supervision, poor coordination of collective works,
. admission to the worker with medical contraindications or
without a medical examination,
. inadequate professional preparation worker
. lack of or inadequate training in the field of safety and
ergonomics,
. performing work in too small cast-aside match.
104

in the context of
organizational factors:
2. Improper organization of workplaces, such as .:
. improper use of technology,

. improper positioning of the devices in the workplace,
. inappropriate passage or handle,
. inappropriate distribution and storage of items of work,
. lack of or improper selection of personal protection.
105

in the context of human
factors:
1. Lack of or improper use of the material agent by the
employee, for example,
. the use of inadequate for the job the material factor,
. the provision by an employee of the material factor of an
unauthorized person.
2.
Do not use protective equipment by staff (individual
protection, collective protection measures or safety devices).
106

in the context of human
factors:
3. Improper arbitrary behavior of the employee:
. perform work not within the scope of duties,
. improper handling of limbs, etc. in the danger zone.
3. Psychophysical state of employee, which does not ensure
the safe completion of work due to a physical indisposition,
chronic or acute illness, fatigue, nervousness, misuse of
alcohol.
4. Improper employee behavior caused for example by.:
. ignorance or disregard of danger,
. ignorance of safety rules,
. disregard the commands of superiors.
107
The causes of accidents
108
Prevention
When selecting the preventive measures recommended to

keep the following order:
technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks at source;
collective protection measures;
organizational and procedural measures (procedures or

instructions for safe operation);
personal protection.
109
Occupational diseases
Regulation of Council of Ministers of 30 June 2009 on

occupational diseases (Dz. U. 105, pos. 869).
An occupational disease is considered to be a disease listed in

the list of occupational diseases annexed to the said
regulation,
as
result
of
the
assessment
of
working
conditions, which can be stated clearly or with a high

probability that it was caused by the action of harmful factors
occurring in the workplace or in connection with the way of
working, called "occupational exposure" (art. 2351)
110
The list includes 26 types of occupational diseases:
1. Acute or chronic poisoning or its sequelae caused by

chemicals.
2. Metallic fever.
3. Pneumoconiosis (1 silicosis, 2. pneumoconiosis of coal
miners,
3.
pneumoconiosis-tuberculosis,
4.
pneumoconiosis
of
welders,
5. asbestosis and other pneumoconiosis and other silicas,
6. talc pneumoconiosis, 7. pneumoconiosis graphite, 8.
111
5. Chronic
obstructive
bronchitis,
which
resulted
in
permanent impairment of lung ventilation with a decrease

in
forced
expiratory
volume
(FEV1)
less
than
60%
predicted, caused by exposure to irritant dusts or gases if

in the last 10 years of professional experience in at least
30% of cases found in the workplace exceeding the
maximum permissible concentration.
6. Asthma.
7. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (1. acute and subacute, 2.
chronic)
112
8. Acute generalized allergic reactions.

9. Byssinoza.
10. Berylliosis.
11. Lung diseases caused by hard-metal dust.
12. Allergic rhinitis.
13. Edematous inflammation of the larynx allergic.
14. Perforation of the nasal septum caused by substances
which are corrosive or irritant.
113
15. Chronic voice disorders caused by excessive voice effort of

at least 15 years.
16. Diseases caused by ionizing radiation.
17. Malignant tumors arising in these factors occurring in the
working
environment,
classified
as
carcinogenic
in
humans.
18. Skin diseases.
19. Chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system caused
way to work.
114
20. Chronic diseases of the peripheral nervous system caused

by way of work.
21. Bilateral permanent sensorineural hearing loss screw-type
or sensory - nerve caused by noise, expressed as an
increase in hearing threshold of at least 45 dB better
hearing ear.
22. Vibration syndrome.
23. Diseases caused by work in high-pressure atmosphere.
115
24. Diseases caused by the action of high or low ambient

temperatures.
25. Diseases of the eye caused by physical, chemical or
biological agents.
26. Infectious and parasitic diseases or their consequences.
116
Obligations of the employer
According to the art. 226 of the Labor Code employer has an

obligation to inform employees of the occupational risks
associated with the work performed and on the rules of
protection against the threat.
Implementation of the provisions of Art. 226 should be to

transfer
(in
accessible
form)
the
information
for
the
employees about the dangers to their health factors present

at the workplace and in the workplace as well as measures
eliminating
or
reducing
this
exposure.
In
117
addition,
employees should be briefed on how to use the individual
The employer is obliged, in accordance with Art. 235 1 of

the Labor Code, to immediately report to the competent
state-owned sanitary inspector and the District competent
labor inspector any suspected case of occupational disease.
Suspected occupational disease reports employer, a doctor,

who diagnosed or suspected case of occupational disease,
as well as the employee who does so through a physician
responsible for preventive health care for employees on the
part of the employer.
118

In the case of the emergence of symptoms in
workers occupational disease (Art. 235 3 of the Labor
Code), the employer is obliged to:
determine the causes of occupational diseases, the nature

and
magnitude
of
the
risk
this
disease,
acting
in
consultation with the competent state sanitary inspector,
immediately proceed to remove the factors that cause the

occupational disease and take other necessary precautions.
take all necessary warning measures
ensure the implementation of the recommendations of

doctors,
carry a record of occupational diseases.

119
The
employer
prevent
is
occupational
obliged
to
diseases
take
and
measures
other
to
illnesses
related to their work, in particular:
maintained in a state of constant efficiency of the device

reducing or eliminating the adverse health factors of
working environment and devices for measuring these
factors.
conduct, at its own expense, tests and measurements of

harmful factors, capture and store the results of these tests
and measurements and make them available to employees.
120
Prevention of occupational diseases are also:
medical examinations referred to in art.229 of the Labor

Code.
imposing on the employer the obligation to provide

employees with adequate hygienic-sanitation facilities and
the provision of necessary personal hygiene (art. 233 of the
Labor Code).
the employer's obligation to provide workers employed in

particularly difficult conditions, free, appropriate food and
beverages, if this is necessary for reasons of prevention
(Article 232 of the Labor Code).
121
Benefits for accidents at work

and occupational diseases:
Sickness benefit - for the insured whose incapacity for
work was caused by an accident at work or an occupational
disease.
Rehabilitation benefit - for the insured who after the

exhaustion of sickness benefit is still not able to work and
needs
further
treatment
or
therapeutic
rehabilitation
prognosis for recovery of ability to work.
Compensatory allowance - for the insured who is an

employee whose pay has decreased as a result of
permanent or long-term damage to health.
122
Benefits for accidents at work

and occupational diseases
One-time compensation - for the insured who suffered a

permanent or long-term damage to health.
Pension for incapacity for work - for the insured who

has become unable to work due to an accident at work or
occupational disease.
The training pension - for the insured, in relation to

whom an advisability of vocational retraining was given due
to incapacity for work in the previous profession, due to an
accident at work or an occupational disease.
One-time compensation - for members of the deceased

insured or pensioner.
123
THE ORGANIZATION AND

METHODOLOGY OF TRAINING
IN THE FIELD OF
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH (INCLUDING METHODS
OF INSTRUCTION OFFICER)
AND THE CREATION OF SAFE
BEHAVIOR OF EMPLOYEES IN
WORK PROCESSES
124
Organizational and programmatic

assumptions
The employer is obliged to provide employee training in
safety and health at work and periodic training in this area. It
is also obliged to familiarize workers with the provisions and
principles of safety and health at work relating to the jobs they
perform.
Training activities in the field of safety and health at work is

carried out by employers or on their behalf by other
organizational units authorized to conduct such training.
125
Methodology training in the

field of billition health and
safety
1. initial training
- when applying for a job
a) General
- carried out by safety specialist
b) Position related
- carried out by the employer
2. periodic training
- after one year of employment
126

safety
The stages of the training cycle
identifying training needs,
planning and design training,
conducting training,
monitoring and evaluation.
127

safety
Identification
of
training
is
an
analysis
of
employers expectations towards employees' needs in

the field of:
adequate staff for management and production,
providing employees with the necessary body of knowledge

and skills in health and safety,
ability to work in a safe way,
the ability to act in an appropriate manner in unusual and

emergency situations,
the ability to identify the risk of accidents and occupational

diseases.
128

safety
Planning and design training, developing a plan and
training
programs,
assemblies,
organizational
and
programmatic assumptions, detailed training program with the

distribution
of
material,
storyboards
activities
including
teaching aids training methods, methods of assessment and

checking, as well as preparing appropriate exercises and
teaching materials.
129

safety
Conducting training includes the creation of appropriate
conditions, managing the learning process in order to achieve
the basic objectives of the program, the monitoring and
evaluation of progress listeners.
Monitoring and evaluation of the course (training) evaluation
of
training
effectiveness
assessment
organization, quality materials training, job trainers.
130
of
the

safety
The aim of the training is to give the employee:
knowledge and practical skills in the safe performance of

the work entrusted,
basic knowledge about the risks of accident and health

risks
occurring
at
the
workplace
and
its
immediate
surroundings,
ways to protect against threats by accident and health risks

in normal operation and emergency conditions.
131

safety
Methodology teaching job position:
The-Job Training takes place during working hours and its

duration should be conditional upon:
vocational training employee
current seniority,
the type of work and risks in the workplace but should not
be less than 8 hours.
132

safety
DETAILED TRAINING PROGRAM
The proper selection and use of teaching methods is the key
of the trainings effectiveness. Form of teaching involves, in
addition to the general worker's familiarity with the activities
and problems of the workplace, the process of adjusting the
employee to perform specific professional tasks correctly,
efficiently and above all safely.
.
133

safety
The-Job Training should be conducted in the workplace
and should include:
a general part,
appropriate instruction, certification, consistent with the

methodology of teaching officer.
134

safety
In the overall leading briefing should take into account:
working conditions at the workplace:
labor room (lighting, heating, ventilation, ceiling height,

road transport, etc.)
workplace (position at work, bench lighting, ventilation,

distance from adjacent stations, etc.)
machinery and equipment (types of equipment in the room

and the like threats),
raw materials, intermediates and products of the job

(physical and chemical properties and their impact on the
health of the worker)
indication and warning devices.
135

safety
The course of the production process in a given period, taking
into account:
the manufacturing process on workstations technologically

earlier,
the manufacturing process manned station,
manufacturing process technology positions later,
relationship discussed above parts of the production

process into one whole.
136

safety
The-Job Training is carried out for:
employees in positions of workers and others whose nature

of work will entail direct contact with production and its
control or exposure to occupational hazard,
workers employed in these positions in the event of a

change of technical and organizational conditions (changes
in the technological process, changes in the organization of
workplaces, introduction to the use of substances with
harmful or hazardous to health and the new tools and other
equipment)
students on practical training
students engaged in student training.
137

safety
THE-JOB TRAINING INSTRUCTION is carried out before
admission to practice the job.
The-Job Training teaching methods to ensure safe trowel

should consist of 5 steps:
138

safety
PHASE I - Preliminary
Every training should start from the initial conversation,

which allows the instructor to figure out what the level of
news and skills of the participants in work is. A common
mistake made at this stage of the training is to provide too
much information for a new employee who are just words,
not having a relationship with the facts, objects, notions.
139

safety
In
this
phase
of
training
leading
instructor
provides
information on:
workplace,
production,
warehousing,
production
transportation,
repair,
department,
general
working
conditions, etc.,
workplace
(conditions
at
the
workplace,
equipment,
supplies and operating methods of workplaces, technical

inspection,
methods).
rental
tools,
protective
clothing,
140
working

safety
Therefore:
TALK AND GIVE, TALK AND SHOW AND GIVE EXAMPLES
BUT ABOVE ALL ASK:
about the course of previous work gained her achievements

and failures, and the attitude towards work in general and
to the profession of interest,
about the school, its profile and important work messages.
141

safety
STAGE II - a
demonstration and
explanation of the
whole process
142

safety
Properly guided demonstration is being implemented in
five successive stages:
the guide shows the whole system function at a normal

pace.
During
explanations,
the
the
whole
whole
shows
process
also
work.
,
If
along
it
is
with
very
complicated, it divides it into individual phases and

thoroughly explains.
conduct a partial demonstration uses - piece, which results

from the analysis of the activities. The starting point is a
training manual, prepared on the basis of technical and
psychological analysis of the work.
143

safety
Repeated screening piece of work becomes a source to:
acquire a given skill,
for information about the nature of their operations in

implementing them,
make observations about the degree of difficulty and

danger which is present in the workplace.
144

safety
Demonstration should proceed in the following order:
show and define all the elements needed for the operation,
show how to use a specific operation,
show how to use the equipment, tools, etc.
145

safety
Teacher draws attention to the nodal cells, having great
importance for the proper execution of operations.
These nodal cells leader demonstrates in slow motion
what the difficulty is.
After the show overall and fragmented in order to better

consolidate by the trainees, leader again shows the
entire system activities.
146

safety
Teacher checks the effect of the show by the command
repetition of demonstrated activities by the participants.
Correct performance of
by-trained worker constitutes
the end of the show. If the trainee makes mistakes, we

analyze the performance properly. Repeated steps lasts
until they reach the correct repetition.
147

safety
PHASE III - Trials to do work under the supervision
of a trained instructor.
The most effective method of trial execution of work under the

supervision of a master is to preserve the order of execution
of the following phases:
initial, independent attempt to do the work, performing in a
slow-motion
of
individual
pieces
of
work
while
explaining perform specific tasks,
148
loudly

safety
performance of individual fragments of work whilst
explanation about how to perform these activities,
the performance of particular parts of the work and its
justification,
overall, the re-screening of the overall work with the
gradual acceleration of activities (from slow to real).
149

safety
PHASE IV - independent work under the supervision of a
master.
If the trained employee has made sufficient progress and can
no longer perform satisfactorily under the supervision of a
new task, it should be entrusted to an independent job to do.
The instructor should not under any circumstances stand by
trained and constantly observe his work. Interventions should
be limited to the most necessary. Tactful and friendly referring
to the trainee is a fundamental rule of conduct during training.
But keep in mind that learners must be able to ask the
manager for an explanation while having doubts.
150

safety
PHASE V - discuss and evaluate progress of science
Training
of
employees
assumes
full
activation
of
the
participants in understanding principles of safe trowel and

acquiring skills to improve job by making test measures to
reduce the arduousness of work. This objective serves a
variety of methods of organizing activities, but primarily the
method of checking knowledge and skills.
151

safety
THE ABOVE PROCEDURES APPLY TO EMPLOYEE-TAKING HIS
FIRST JOB. EMPLOYEE TRAINING WHO IS ALREADY
EXPERIENCED, MAY TERMINATE OR ELIMINATE THE PHASES OF
CERTAIN INSTRUCTION IN RELATION TO ITS CONDITION,
PREVIOUSLY ACQUIRED SKILLS AND NEWS.
152

safety
The creation of safe behavior of employees in work processes:
Model actions affecting the safe conduct of the staff:
153

safety
154

safety
Improving
the
incentive
system
in
the
enterprise,
especially so responsible task as creating and raising the level

of motivation to work safely among employees requires from
managers a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of existing
in the enterprise methods and instruments of motivation, their
possible correction and adaptation to constantly changing
conditions technical, organizational and social benefits. This
process is necessary to achieve the objectives and mission of
the company, which is working out the profit of the use of safe
work practices.
155

safety
Motivation can be defined as a specific state of the human

psyche. Feeling the employee need to adapt to prescribed
rules working methods and patterns of behavior is called
the motivation to work safely.
The type of motivation consists of a number of factors,

these include: information about accidents and their
causes, the incurred losses on them, leading by example,
putting
subordinates
to
achieve
the
objectives,
the
promotion of safe handling, supervision and evaluation of

staff, rewarding and punishing.
156

safety
The type of motivation consists of a number of factors,

these include: information about accidents and their
causes, the incurred losses on them, leading by example,
putting
subordinates
to
achieve
the
objectives,
the
promotion of safe handling, supervision and evaluation of

staff, rewarding and punishing.
Knowledge of the cases give a clear picture that employees

are learning from mistakes. In the event that some lose
their lives or health due to mistakes, others follow exactly
the same path which has already led to the accident. It is
important to examine each case and determine
the causes
157

safety
Another factor is setting a good example, especially by

supervisor and executives of the company. Each manager
can affect the security situation by organizing technical
prevention, as well as by communicating affecting the
consciousness of supervision and employees and through
setting a good example.
Promoting Safe Conduct is another motivating factor for

safe operation. The factors that affect human behavior are
attitudes, in which he is located, his competence and
experience and attitudes that determine how158to proceed in

safety
The next factor is putting motivate subordinates to achieve

objectives. Each supervisor should put his team as well as
individual subordinates as the primary objective of carrying
out
the
tasks
in
accordance
with
applicable
safety
regulations. To achieve this, you must first examine (before

the task) conditions and risks and take the necessary
security
measures,
then
proceed
accordance with the standards
carefully
and
in
conduct in successively
carried out transactions and activities.
159

safety
The final factor affecting the motivation to work safely is to

reward and punish employees. Every man wants to be
rewarded, as well as to avoid penalties. If you have a choice
of two behaviors- one of which may lead to the award and
the second will be punished, we choose the one that will
bring a reward. This principle is the basis for the use of
rewards and punishments to stimulate safe behavior and
block behavior that can lead to accidents.
160
FIRST
PREMEDICAL
AID
161
161
FIRST PREMEDICAL AID
Penal Code Art. 162

1. Whoever the man is in a situation threatening an
immediate danger of death or serious bodily injury and is not
assisting, but is able to do that without exposing himself or
another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury, is
punishable by imprisonment up to 3 years.
2. Do not commit a crime, who does not grant the aid to
which it is necessary to undergo a medical operation, or under
conditions in which it is possible to prompt assistance from the
institution or person appointed to this.
162
FIRST PREMEDICAL AID
Labor Code Art. 224

1. The employer pursuing an activity, which creates the
possibility of sudden danger to the health or life of
employees, is obliged to take action to prevent such
danger.
2. In the case referred to in 1, the employer is obliged to
provide:
according to the type of danger devices and safety equipment
and their operation by persons properly trained, first aid to
the injured
163
Chain of survival
Early recognition of the injured and calling for help - to

prevent SCA (sudden cardiac arrest).
Early initiation of CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation respiratory).
Early defibrillation (using AEDs) - to restore heart
function.
Post-resuscitation care - to restore the quality of life.
164
164
Chain of survival
Important !!!
The chain of survival is intended to raise awareness of the
people who are the first with an injured person,
These are people who may decide to continue "to be or not to
be" of that person ...
165
First premedical aid
First premedical aid are:
- a set of actions at the scene related with security,

- simple immediate treatment, performed on victims in
accidents, disasters and sudden life-threatening diseases
and / or health, until providing expert medical assistance!!!
166
Effective call for help

Where the event is taking place (this
is
of
great
importance
when
an
emergency call is interrupted)

Give the name of the village, it has a
significant impact when two villages
are close to each other (the same
street names)
When the situation happened on the
road, we try to give approximate
address of the place (give specific
benchmarks)
167
First premedical aid
We give the reason for the call, for example. Pain in the
chest, traffic accident, trauma, burn ...
We serve the quantity and condition of the victims.
Data victim (pass the dispatcher whether the injured person

is an adult or a child, woman or man as far as possible give
the age, name and surname).
At the end we give your name and phone number from

which we are calling.
Never hang up first.
168
ICE Number
In case of emergency
I.C.E. or ICE (In Case of Emergency) - shortcut telling
rescuers to whom they should call in an emergency. Used
mainly in two forms:
in the mobile phone address book - as a contact "ICE" is part
of a phone number selected person. If such persons are few, it
is to be slogans, "ICE1", "ICE2" and so on.
on the "ICE" business card size fits name and contact number
of the closest people. The Charter should be worn at all times,
but not in the wallet.
169
169
General rules of conduct at

the scene of an accident
1.assessment of the
situation
2.assessment of the
safety
3. first help (if the

victim is conscious?)
4.further help
of the victim
5. giving the
information
Remember !!!
Your
safety
is
the
principle!!!
Good rescuer is a rescuer170
Rating basic life functions

Remember !!!
Coming up to the injured person, be
sure to do so from the side of the leg
Gently shake the injured person
Loud and definitely ask "what
happened, can you hear me !!!!"
If he doesnt react
Open the airway
Treatment: tilt your
head back by lifting
In unconscious people
the jaw and light
language falls on the
affliction hand on his

forehead
171
Rating basic life functions
Check breath:
See: SEE OR BUST rises and falls
Listen: leaning over the injured person and LISTEN
Feel: DO YOU FEEL YOUR BREATH FOR cheek?
The time that you spend checking

breath is 10 seconds
172
172
What will we do if breathing

is present?
The side determined position
Pregnant woman in apparent pregnancy need to be put on the
left side !!!!! Such behavior is related to the anatomical
location of the large blood vessels (inferior vena cava).
In an unconscious pregnant woman lying on her back or on
the right side, the fetus and uterus can exert pressure on the
large blood vessels. This carries the risk of additional
complications, including cardiac arrest. Placing women on the
left side allows to minimize this threat..
173
173
The
side
determined
position
174
If the breath is not

appropriate
Begin CPR - cardio - respiratory
The aim of basic activities
RK
O
30:
2
Basic Life Support (BLS) to provide circulation
and breath until the arrival of team of qualified
lifeguards, who will start advanced resuscitation

procedures (ALS - Advanced Life Support).
The irreversible changes in the brain of
injured persons staying in normal temperature conditions start

after 4-6 min. of hypoxia, and changes in heart after 15-30 min.
175
175
Chest compressions
Compres
s the
sternum
to a
depth of
5-6 cm
Repeat
compres
sions at
a
frequenc
y of
100 /
min
The
period of
compres
sion and
release
of
pressure
should
be the
same
The place of chest

compressions
176
Rescue breathing
tightly embrace lips
of the victim,
making sure that
there is no air leak
blown
slowly for
about 1
second,
while
watching
if the
breath is
effective
Watch
the chest
during
exhalatio
n falls
177
Summary algorithm
178
AED
179
When AED works?
180
Medical first aid kit

equipment
Medical first aid kit equipment in SII
1. disposable gloves- 4
2. mask for artificial respiration- 1
3. scissors- 1
4. thermal insulation blanket- 1
5. triangular shawl-2
6. maintenance knitted headband 15 cm
wide- 2
7. maintenance knitted headband 10 cm
wide- 2
8. headband 10 cm wide- 1
9. sterile gas compress 5x5 cm- 2
10. sterile gas compress 9x9 cm-2
11. sterile gas compress 7x7 cm-2
12. flexible mesh dressing size 8 (for head
and thigh)
13. slices- 10 of various sizes
14. slice polovis- 1
182
External haemorrhage proceedings

1. Assessment of the victim: awareness, breath.
2. Call for help.
3. Putting of a sterile dressing and compression of the
bleeding site.
4. Fixation
bandage
dressing; oppression
continue until
bleeding stops. Such treatment is called compression

bandage (not to be confused with band compression!).
5. If blood soaks - make layers without removing old and not
releasing oppression.
183
External haemorrhage proceedings

6. If the bleeding still does not stop, raise the bleeding leg
without releasing oppression.
7. Immobilize the limb bleeding.
8. If the above methods fail - to apply pressure on the
arteries above the site of bleeding (brachial artery below
the armpit or upper limb femoral artery in the groin on
leg).
9. As a last resort, use a tourniquet; It should be used in
rather severe trauma as amputations or crushing.
184
Bleeding from the nose

proceedings
1. Sit victim with his head bent toward the chest.
2. Pinch the victim's nose wings (just below the part of the
bone).
3. Issue the command to mouth breathing.
4. Stop the victim from talking, coughing, swallowing and
sniffling.
(...)
185
Bleeding from the nose

proceedings
5. Finish squeezing the nose, if after about 10 minutes
bleeding does not stop.
6. After stopping the bleeding wipe nose and mouth of the
victim.
7. If bleeding persists for more than 10 minutes, call an
ambulance and oppression should continue until the arrival
of rescue serve.
186
Rules limb immobilization
1. Do not immobilize the fracture on the sick, who is standing.

2. Immobilization should perform at least two people - one
carrying the affected limb, the other involves immobilization.
3. Fixed in place in accordance with the Pott:
-First law - in bone defects, fixed in place of two adjacent
ponds,
-Second Law - the joint damage, bone fixed in place to build
the pond,
187
Rules limb immobilization
4. Immobilization is performed in physiological arrangement

of limbs (usually the position spontaneously or consciously
accepted by the victim provides a good cardiovascular
conditions, prevents further damage).
5. We do not change the position of the limb when:
-a fracture is opened
-there was a pathological limb placement (turning, etc.)
6. Leave the fingers exposed of the damaged limb.
7. Do not give fluids or food.
8. Follow against the growing shock
188
Burns
189
Burns- proceedings
Procedure for thermal burns:
-as soon as possible cool the skin at least 15 minutes,
-during cooling remove clothing by cutting,
-during cooling remove rings, earrings, etc.,
-after cooling the burn wound put sterile shield,
-as far as possible immobilize and lift the injured part of the
body,
-in case of shock symptoms - sweating pale skin, rapid pulse,
psychomotor agitation - the victim should be placed in the
supine position with the lower limbs raised,
190
Burns- proceedings
-provide thermal comfort,

-the victim should be protected
from
secondary trauma,
-in severe cases (extensive burns,
shock
symptoms)
immediately
notify an ambulance
191
Burns NO!!!
After the burn, do not pick clothing that is stuck to the skin,
carefully pull off the rest of clothing.
In the case of large-area burns, the body must be cooled

only with wet cloths, do not pour cold running water!
Do not use on fresh burn any ointments, creams or other

commonly used wraps eg. sour milk.
Do not neutralize acids with base and vice versa, the best
remedy is water.
192
Choking
Choking (FBAO Foreign Body Airway Obstruction) is a condition in which

the human respiratory tract are closed by a foreign body. Said foreign body
may be all that goes into our mouths knowingly or by accident, for example.
Mouthful of food, candy, chewing gum, a fragment of the child's toys.
193
Choking- importance of
effective coughing
194
Choking
195
Heart attack
Myocardial infarction, which is also called heart attack, is

myocardial necrosis caused by its ischemia, or insufficient
oxygen supply to the heart, and the inability of free movement
of blood due to clogged atherosclerotic plaques.
During a myocardial blocking blood flow to the heart muscle
(coronary occlusion or rupture of an occluded atherosclerotic
plaque) can be observed, as a result sudden cardiac hypoxia
and subsequent necrosis can occur.
196
Symptoms of a heart attack
Typical symptoms of a heart attack is

chest
pain,
shortness
of
breath,
sweating, anxiety, nausea, or lowgrade fever.
The pain may radiate to the jaw,

back, shoulders and upper abdomen.
Myocardial pain usually lasts no less

than 20 minutes, often several hours.
197
Symptoms of a heart attack
Intensive
long-term
pain
neither
affects
rest
or
nitroglycerin.
15 - 25% heart attacks give unusual, minor ailments or run

completely without pain (ie., "Silent heart attacks"). The
most common painless heart attacks occur in people with
diabetes who have diabetic neuropathy, which is the cause
of decreased pain perception.
198
Heart attack- proceedings
The patient should be sit in a reclining position - make sure

that his back is under stable support: with a blanket,
pillows, loose clothing - it makes it easier to breath, open
the window and try to limit all the moves. At the same time
it should not be allowed to cool down the body. If the
patient is unconscious lateral position is indicated .
You can lay moist and hot compresses on your hands.

Immediately
call an
ambulance,
not yielding to the
insistence of the patient to wait for the call for a doctor !!!
If a patients heart has stopped cardiac arrest resuscitation

should be performed, or perform artificial respiration and
199
Proceedings
Convulsions
1. Assessment of the situation

2. Rating place of the event - security
Causes
event space, our own and of the victim
3. Rating basic life functions -
epilepsy
head injuries
febrile seizures
poisoning
metabolic disorders
psychological
factors
Consciousness, respiration
4. Call emergency services
PROTECTION WHILE injuries seizure
(removal of a dangerous objects
environment, positioning in the
recovery position)
Determination of the initial cause of
convulsions (seizures, poisoning, etc.).
Diabetes type 1
Diabetes type 1 is a chronic disease having autoimmune
or genetic roots. The cause of its formation process is the
destruction of pancreatic beta-cells producing insulin. As a
result of development of the disease the amount of the insulin
is too low, or runs without the desired effect. Insulin is
necessary for the absorption of glucose with the bloodstream
into cells. In the cell, glucose is the combustion process, in
result of which the body produces energy needed for its
proper operation. In the case of a shortage of insulin, glucose
is taken up into the cells and circulates in the blood, resulting
in hyperglycemia - high blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes
requires insulin of the pen or insulin pump.
201
Diabetes type 2 insulin

dependent
Diabetes type 2, isulin dependent, it is also called adultonset diabetes. According to doctors, the main cause of its
occurrence is unhealthy lifestyles, and above all obesity and
lack of physical activity.
Type 2 Diabetes: Symptoms
The symptoms of type 2 diabetes develop gradually:
excessive thirst of large volumes of urine.
general weakness
infections of the genitourinary tract,
unreasonable weight loss, breath
that
feel
202
acetone.
Heat stroke
Heat stroke is a medical emergency in which the body

temperature rises uncontrollably, stops sweating, which can
lead to loss of consciousness due to exhaustion or total lack of
mechanisms to regulate body temperature.
203
Heat stroke
The human body maintains a constant temperature thanks

to the many regulatory mechanisms. From overheating
defends itself by giving heat to the ambient air, eg. by
vasodilatation skin and increased sweating. Body temperature
regulation capabilities are limited, especially in hot and humid
climates, when the relative humidity exceeds 75%. It should
be remembered that heat stroke can occur even if staying too
long in the car (especially children!) during hot days.
204
Heat stroke
Symptoms
flushed, hot and dry skin,
high body temperature
unsteady gait,
accelerated heartbeat,
rapid breathing,
headache, dizziness,
nausea, vomiting,
tingling of the extremities,
205
Heat stroke
Heat stroke - proceedings

Sick as soon as possible escort or move in a cool, dark place.
Loosen or remove tight clothing.
When the patient's face is pale, place the head lower than the
trunk, and when it is red - better put him in a reclining
position.
Head and chest cover with cold compresses (with water or
ice).
In a situation where the patient's condition does not return
quickly to normal, call your doctor.
206
Poisoning
Poisoning is a collection of diverse symptoms of

various systems, caused by the intrusion into the body of toxin
(toxin or a chemical agent) in a toxic dose.
207
Poisoning
Symptoms of facilitating the diagnosis of poisoning:
From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,

abdominal pain.
From
the
respiratory
system:
difficulty
in
breathing,
shortness of / dismissal of breath
From the nervous system: excessively narrowed or widened

pupils, headache, disturbance of consciousness (including
its loss), seizures.
From the skin, mucous membranes: burn, redness, blisters.
Surroundings of the victim may also be the helpful:

a
place
to
find
patient
(packaging
substances
208
and
Poisoning - proceedings
1. Be careful not to poison yourself! (Airing rooms, high
elevation of the victim, etc.).
2. The transfer of the patient to a safe place.
3. Checking the unconscious patient (Caution! Do not use
breathe exhaled by the patient!).
4. Call an ambulance.
5. If it is possible - as soon as possible remove poisons from
the body: from the gastrointestinal tract by provoking
vomiting (only if the patient is conscious!), from skin, eyes
- by washing with clean water.
6. Securing all found at the sick-packaging of chemicals,
vomitations and take them together with the209victims to the
Poisoning - proceedings
ATTENTION !!!
Induced vomiting is not allowed in people:
unconscious,
with inoperative cough reflex,
poisoned acids, bases, or other corrosive agents that can
damage the esophagus.
poisoned irritants, such as gasoline or kerosene,
poisoned oily substances (they can not cause the cough
reflex).
210
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Popularly known as choke-damp, gas is highly toxic,

colorless and odorless, slightly lighter than air, which makes it
easy to spread. It combines fixedly to the blood hemoglobin,
blocking its function as an oxygen carrier. This gas during the
heating season 2011 -2012 caused the death of 108 people
and nearly 1 800 people with symptoms of intoxication were
taken to hospitals. Therefore, carbon monoxide is often called
the silent killer. It appears in the most unexpected moments.
Carbon monoxide poisonings can occur in the bathroom,
bedroom, garage or even in the kitchen.
211
Carbon monoxide poisoning
212
THE ECONOMIC
IMPACT OF POOR
WORKING CONDITIONS
213
The economic impact of poor

working conditions
1. The controlled and uncontrolled costs.
Investment in safety requires from any company specific

technical solutions - organizational and financial outlay.
As you will see, the invested funds are much lower than the
costs associated with a potential accident.
214

working conditions
Definition
ENTERPRISE
COSTS
RELATED
TO
THE
ACCIDENT
the
theoretical value of the increasing costs of their own

enterprises, by which in connection with the accident occurs
the reduction of the profit or the increase of the loses.
215

working conditions
Any expenditure which shall be borne by the company in

connection with an accident, we can subordinate to one of two
categories of costs: controlled or uncontrolled.
Do you know what are the differences between these costs?
216

working conditions
THE CONTROLLED COSTS
THE UNCONTROLLED COSTS
Insurance costs, to a height where
all premium costs, which amount of
companies can interact,
the company do not affect,
all the cost elements, the height of
they belong to the overall cost of
which
the enterprise,
the
company
does
not
impair,
uniform
social
additional, higher social security
contributions of Social Insurance
contributions in respect of social
Institution.
insurance
worsening of
working
conditions,
security
all uninsured accident costs.
217

working conditions
As you can see, the height of some of the costs can be
affected. However, any expenditure incurred in connection
with the accident, creates specific loss suffered by the
company.
The cost of the accident
The cost of the company
218

working conditions
2. Payments related to the accident.
An accident at work means not only reducing the profits of

enterprises, but can also result in many direct current
payments.
Firstly, these are the different types of benefits paid to the

victim or family, and expenses incurred in connection with the
need to provide medical assistance. Find out which costs:
219

working conditions
current payments
o one-time compensation,
o indemnity,
o compensatory allowances of vocational rehabilitation;
o the victim and transport costs and paid medical
assistance outside the company.
220

working conditions
An accident can also cause direct or indirect loss of
revenue.
Current payments:
o penalties,
o the costs associated with hiring machines, order
production, repairs made outside the plant,
o interruptions in production and a reduction in productivity
and quality.
221

working conditions
It is also a loss in fixed assets and current assets.
Current payments:
o the cost of raw materials lost due to an accident, semifinished products or articles,
o losses in equipment (machinery, tools, vehicles).
222

working conditions
When discussing the monetary consequences of an
accident, keep in mind that they also include revenues. These
include
compensation
received
in respect
of
damaged,
destroyed or stolen business assets that were covered by

insurance.
Compensati
on
The cost of
the accident
223

working conditions
Remember!
The accident is the cost, which
shall be borne by the company.
Cheaper to prevent than to cure.
224
FIRE PROTECTION
225
Fire protection
The Act of 24 August 1991 on fire protection (Journal of

Laws 1991 No. 81 item 351)
Regulation of the Minister of Interior and Administration of 7

June 2010 on the fire protection of buildings, other buildings
and land (Journal of Laws 2010 No. 109, item. 719)
Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of 12 April 2002.

on the technical conditions to be met by buildings and their
location (Journal of Laws 2002 No. 75, item. 690)
226
Fire protection
Know and obey the rules and principles of fire safety for the
user object.
Take part in training in fire safety.
Perform work in accordance with fire safety rules.
Take care of fire safety and the proper condition of devices.
If you see a fire or other emergency immediately warn coworkers and other persons in the area of the threat of
imminent danger.
227
Employees responsibilities
Observe the ban on the use of open flames.
Know the procedures to be followed in case of fire.
Know the distribution of emergency routes and exits of the

building.
Know how to use fire extinguishers, fire equipment.
Do not obstruct emergency routes and exits.
Do not limit access to firefighting equipment.
228
Definition
Fire - uncontrolled combustion process in inappropriate place.
Bang - rapid separation of large amounts of energy in one
place .
Works
dangerous
in
terms
of
fire
repair
work
construction associated with

the use of open flames, sparks cutting with the production of
mechanical and welding carried out inside or on the roofs of
buildings on adjoining areas and sites operate, as well as
repair work - construction carried out in potentially explosive
areas .
229
Evacuation - organized movement of people, sometimes
along
The most common causes of

fire are:
Carelessness in the use of open fire (flame, matches,

cigarettes).
Carelessness in handling flammable substances.
Carelessness in the carrying out fire hazard (welding,

cutting).
Cons appliances and electrical installations and improper

use.
Disadvantages
of
electric
heating
devices
improper operation.
230
and
their
The most common causes of

fire are:
Disadvantages of mechanical equipment and improper use.
Improper storage of hazardous materials.
Spontaneous combustion materials.
Lightning (lack or inadequate lightning protection devices).
231
Evacuation
Evacuation of people and property are made when:
local fire danger threatens the life or health of the

occupants of the rooms of the building.
there is a possibility of panic.
232
Rules of behavior during

evacuation
We listen to the person responsible for the evacuation of the plant
Immediately inform all persons in the affected object of a threat and the need for
evacuation
The first step is to evacuate people from the premises where there is a fire or who are on
the road and the fire spreads from the premises, from which they can reach or output to a
safe escape routes, which may be cut off by fire or smoke
With strong smoky should move in an inclined position
Move along the walls
The evacuation should take place in accordance with the direction of escape certain
characters evacuation permanently attached to the building elements
We are moving briskly but without running and overtaking people who are in front of
them
Do not attempt to accelerate glide by pushing, overtaking, scream
233
Rules of behavior during

evacuation
in the course of the evacuation groups should not be allowed to separate
Do not stop for any purpose for example, to see what happens
Evacuees should be placed outdoors at a safe distance from the building
After smoke unlit stairs people should go down back on all fours
If the fire cuts off escape routes, you must remain in the room, close the door (not locked
!!!), seal doors, eg. A wet towel, open wide the window and wait for help at the window
234
The evacuation
The coordinators of the evacuation:
II floor: Marta Krysiak
III floor: Angelika Zawada, Ewelina Niewiatowska

Person having keys for server room:
Piotr Kromoowski
235
Signs of evacuation
Escape routes should be marked with Evacuation signs

compatible with PN-92 / N-01256-02. Evacuation signs should
be arranged in such a way that from anywhere along the
escape routes, in which they can appear doubts about the
direction of escape, should be placed a visible sign of
evacuation. With the arrangement escape character should
pay attention to their arrangement in relation to the light
sources. The aim should be to place the characters escape
light sources as close as possible to provide them with
sufficient
luminance.
The
dimensions
of
characters
are
dependent on the distance from which the sign should be

236
Signs of safety
The direction of the escape route
A sign indicates a direction
to exit in an emergency.
The direction of the exit road

A sign which indicates a
direction of escape route
to output: can direct
left or right
short arrows - for use with other characters

long arrows - for self-testing
Emergency exit
Emergency exit
The logo is used
for marking outputs
in case of an emergency
A sign which indicates a

direction of escape route
Till the exit stairway
up, to the left or right
Evacuation door
The logo is used on
hinged doors, which are
emergency exits ( right or
left)
237
Signs of safety
Move to open
The direction to leave an escape route with staircase
The logo is used together with the sign

on the previous slide of emergency exit door.
Arrow should indicate the sliding door
opening direction
A sign indicates a direction

escape route to the exit stairway
down, left or right
Break to gain access

This sign can be used
a) at the place where it is necessary to
achieve glass breakage access to the
key or opening system
b) where it is necessary to break
the baffle to obtain output
Push to open
This sign is put on the door to show
direction
Pull to open
This sign is placed
on the door to indicate
the opening direction
238
Fire extinguishers
Devices for extinguishing fires. Smaller fire extinguishers

are used in cars, more in public spaces and industrial
applications. Due to the type of extinguishing agent, which is
located in the middle of the fire extinguishers, we can divide
them into:
239
Fire extinguishers
X - constant pressure, the factor ejecting fire extinguisher
tank together with the extinguishing
Z - ejecting agent in a separate tank
240
Marking extinguishers
On extinguisher there should be adhered how to light a fire

extinguisher with a marked date of the next test
Inspections should be carried out at times and in a manner

consistent
with
the
instructions
laid
down
by
manufacturer, but not less frequently than once a year
241
the
Label
It should contain:
Type of fire extinguisher
How to start it
Scope
User Information
Manufacturer
The date of manufacture
242
Principles of deployment of
fire extinguishers
One unit of weight of extinguishing agent (2 kg or 3 dm3)
should fall, except in cases specified in separate regulations:
For every 100m2 area of the fire in the building not protected
by fixed extinguishing device:
qualified for hazard category of people ZLI, ZLII, ZLIII, ZLV,
PRODUCTION AND WAREHOUSE OF THE FIRE LOAD

DENSITY OVER 500MJ / M2,
room containing potentially explosive atmospheres
243
Principles of deployment of
fire extinguishers
The equipment should be deployed in public areas:
o at the entrances and stairways,
o at the exits outdoors,
o in multi-storey buildings equipment, which should be
placed in the same location on each floor.
o equipment must be accessible at least from 1m wide,
o equipment should not be placed in locations where it is
subjected to mechanical and heat sources
o distance to come to the equipment should not be
greater than 30 m.
244
Fire classifications
245
Snow fire extinguishers

Snow fire extinguisher (correct name: Carbon CO2) - a
fire extinguisher in which the extinguishing agent is contained
in the high pressure cylinders, liquefied carbon dioxide, which
adiabatically expands the cooled to approx. -78 C and
solidifies in the form of so-called dry ice. Firefighting operation
involves cutting off oxygen and significantly lowering the
temperature. However, due to the small evaporation heat of
the cooling effect of carbon dioxide is less than normal water.
246
Snow fire extinguishers
Snow fire extinguishers are used to extinguish fires of

the groups B, C, electrical appliances, usually up to 1000 V,
especially electronics and precision machinery. The advantage
of snow fire extinguishers is the lack of any contamination of
objects and spaces. The disadvantage is their large mass in
comparison with other extinguishers of similar effectiveness.
Carbon dioxide people should not be used with people
because such low temperature operation causes additional
damage.
247
Powder fire extinguishers
Powder fire extinguisher - fire extinguisher in which

the extinguishing powder is ejected by compressed gas
(carbon dioxide or nitrogen). The main component of dry
chemical
is
usually
carbonates
or
phosphates.
Action
extinguishing powder consists primarily of interruption of the

combustion reaction as a result of anticatalisis. In addition,
ABC powder melts and foams at high temperature cutting off
the oxygen supply. Additionally there is an effect to extinguish
flames combustible gas stream as carrier powder.
248
Powder fire extinguishers
Powder fire extinguishers are designed to extinguish fires

of the groups A, B and C or B, C depending on the type of
powder used. It is also possible to use it with fire-voltage
electrical equipment, usually up to 1000V. There are also fire
extinguishers designed for higher voltages.
249
Thank you
for your
attention
250

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Training of billition health

and safety for the employers

The purpose of the training

The definition of BHP

What actually is BHP?

Billiton health and safety (BHP):

The definition of BHP

Within the aims of BHP, we can mention:

Labor code article207

1.The employer bears responsibility for the condition of

2.The employer is obliged to protect the health and life

technology properly in the workplace.

Labor code article207 2

The employer is especially obliged to:

to react for the needs in the field of preserving the work

health and safety and adjusting the measures taken to

Labor code article207 2

4) to ensure the development of coherent policies aimed at

Labor code article304 1

The employer is obliged to ensure safe and healthy

relationship in the workplace or at a place designated by the

Labor code article304 3

The obligations laid down in Art. 207 2 [the employer's

on a basis other than employment;

leading to the self-employed economic activity.

Work in the client's premises

to provide work place in accordance with the requirements

to familiarize with the danger at the headquarters [risk

to train in the workplace,

Labor code article207 2

The costs of actions taken by the employer on safety and

Labor code article207 3

The employer and the person managing employees are

Labor code article207 1

Labor code article207 1

first name and last name;

work phone number

Organizing liability of workers

The Labor Code distinguishes between three types of

Organizing liability of workers

A fine threatens the

health and safety

Organizing liability of workers

The fine per violation and for each day of unexcused

Proceeds from fines is earmarked for improving the safety and

Organizing liability of workers

FACTORS CONSIDERED WHILE APPLYING THE PENALTIES

When using punishment employer shall take into account in

the degree of fault of the employee,

his/her previous attitude to work.

The penalty can be applied only after hearing the person.

Labor Code article283 1

Whoever, being responsible for the state of occupational

A fine from 1,000 to 30,000 PLN may be subjected to:

persons managing employees,

entrepreneur who is not the employer, who organizes the

any employee who among his/her duties is responsible for

Labor Code article220 1

1.Whoever, being responsible for the safety and health at

The protection of pregnant

The protection of pregnant

a contract for a trial period of 1 month

contracts for a period of absence of another employee.