By The Name

of Allah

Welcome to Our
Presentation

ELECTRIC
MOTOR

GROUP INTRODUCTION
Platinam
Group

1. Md. Saidur Rahman Kohinoor

142-15-3669
2. Md. Mukhlesur Rahman
142-15-3651
3. Tanzina Akter
142-15-3615
4. Tanvir Ahmed Babu

Submitted
142-15-3488
Submitted toto NameSir Md. Shalauddin Babu
5. Masudul
Hasan Shawon

Lecturer
Lecturer
142-15
Department

Department of
of natural
natural sciences
sciences

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TOPIC INTRODUCTION
What is an Electric
Motor?

Electromechanical device that converts electrical

energy to mechanical energy.

Mechanical energy used to e.g.

Rotate pump impeller, fan, blower

Drive compressors
Lift materials

Motors in industry: 70% of electrical load.

PRINCIPLE OF HOW MOTORS WORK

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
An electric motor is all about magnets and
magnetism: A motor uses magnets to
create motion.
A motor is consist of two magnets.

SPINNING ARMATURE IN A MOTOR

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTORS
Electric Motors

Alternating Current (AC)

Motors

Synchronous

Induction

Single-Phase

Three-Phase

Direct Current (DC)

Motors

Separately
Excited

Series

Self Excited

Compound

Shunt

AC Motors
Alternating current (AC) motors use an
electrical current, which reverses its
direction at regular intervals.
An AC motor has two basic electrical parts:
a "stator" and a "rotor".

CLASSIFICATION OF AC MOTOR
Alternating Current (AC)
Motors
Synchronous

Single-Phase

Induction

Three-Phase

AC MOTORS
Electrical current reverses direction
Two parts: stator and rotor
Stator: stationary electrical component
Rotor: rotates the motor shaft

Speed difficult to control

Two types
Synchronous motor
Induction motor

rotor
stator

Synchronous Motors

A synchronous motor is an AC
motor,which runs at constant speed
fixed by frequency of the sysem.
This motor rotates at a synchronous
speed, which is given by the following
equation

Ns = 120 f / P

WHERE,
F = supply frequency
P = number of poles

INDUCTION MOTORS
Induction motors are the most common motors
used for
various equipments in industry.
Components
Rotor
Squirrel cage
Wound rotor

Stator

INDUCTION MOTORS
Induction motors can be classified into
two main groups:
single-phase induction motors
three-phase induction motors
Single-phase induction motors:
These only have one stator winding,
operate with a single-phase power
supply...
Three phase induction motors:
They use three sets of stator coils the
rotating magnetic field drags the rotor

 DC MOTORS
DC motors,as the name implies,use a direct
unidirectional current sources of electricity : Batteries
DC Power supply
When

power is applied, DC motors turn in one

direction at a fixed speed.
They are optimized to run at a fixed, usually high
RPM.
Torque is highest at the rated speed and lowest at
low speeds.
Almost all can be reversed.
Inexpensive and commonly available.

DC MOTOR
DC Motors Components
Field pole
North pole and south pole
Receive electricity to form
magnetic field

Armature

(Direct Industry, 1995)

Cylinder between the poles

Electromagnet when current goes through
Linked to drive shaft to drive the load

Commutator
Overturns current direction in armature

DC MOTOR
Main Advantage of DC Motor is Speed control without impact power supply quality
Changing armature voltage
Changing field current

Suitable for turning, spinning, etc.

Restricted use
Few low/medium speed applications
Clean, non-hazardous areas

Expensive compared to AC motors

DC MOTOR
Relationship between speed, field flux and
armature voltage
Back electromagnetic force: E = KN
Torque:
T = KIa
E = electromagnetic force developed at armature terminal (volt)
= field flux which is directly proportional to field current
N = speed in RPM (revolutions per minute)
T = electromagnetic torque
Ia = armature current
K = an equation constant

TYPES OF DC MOTOR
Separately excited DC motor: field current supplied from
a separate force

Self-excited DC motor:
1. Shunt motor : the field winding (shunt field) is connected in
parallel with the armature winding.

2. Series motor : the field winding (shunt field) is connected in

series with the armature winding.

3. Compound motor : compound motor is a combination of

shunt and series motor.

UNIVERSAL MOTORS
While most motors operate from either AC or DC, some
can operate from either
These are universal motors and resemble serieswound DC motors, but are designed for both AC and DC
operation
typically operate at high speed (usually > 10,000 rpm)
offer high power-to-weight ratio
ideal for portable equipment such as hand drills and
vacuum cleaners

UNIVERSAL MOTORS
Both DC and AC motors are used
high-power motors are usually AC, three-phase
domestic applications often use single-phase induction
motors
DC motors are useful in control applications
Either an AC or DC electrical energy source serves as
the input to the motor.
Another two useful motors name are : DC servo motors
Stepper motors

EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC MOTORS

The efficiency of a motor can be defined as

the ratio of a motors useful power output to
its total power output.
Motors convert electrical energy to
mechanical energy to serve a certain load. In
this process, energy is lost as shown in the
figure.

EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC
MOTORS
Factors that influence efficiency
Age
Capacity
Speed
Type
Temperature
Rewinding
Load

ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRIC MOTORS

Motor Load
Motor load is indicator of efficiency
Equation to determine load:
Load =

Pi x HP x 0.7457

= Motor operating efficiency in %

HP = Nameplate rated horse power
Load
= Output power as a % of rated power
Pi = Three phase power in kW

APLICATION
There

are numerous ways to design a motor,

thus there are many different types of motors.

The

type of motor chosen for an application

depends on the characteristics needed in
that application.

These

include:

How fast you want the object to move,

The weight, size of the object to be moved,
The cost and size of the motor,
The accuracy of position or speed control needed.

APPLICATION
The

different types of motors possess different

operating characteristics.

Heavy Industrial applications:

AC motors.

Mobile robotics & hobby robots: DC motor, DC

servo motor and stepper motors.