WHAT WILL IT TAKE

TO ENSURE HEALTH CARE FOR ALL

PRESENTED BY:
Govind Singh Kushwaha

India accounts for a sixth of the

world`s population .but only a sixth
of India`s billion people have
access to affordable healthcare.
India has made rapid strides in the health
sector since Independence.
life expectancy has gone up markedly .
the infant mortality rate has been halved .
42 per cent of children receive the essential
immunizations.

Health indicators:
o The Census of India 2001 counted
1,027,015,247 Indians as of March 1, 2001:
531,277,078 men and 495,738,169 women.
o Life expectancy at birth and infant mortality are
two important indicators of a society's health.
o If in 1947, 146 of every 1,000 babies born died
before their first birthday, the infant mortality rate
(IMR) is half that today, at 68/1,000.
o More children receive the essential vaccines
protecting them from tuberculosis, diphtheria,
pertussis, tetanus, measles and polio --- 42 per
cent, up from 36 per cent.

 India has made immense improvements in

the field of health sector.
Health services are improving day by day.

Some bad scenarios even today

More than one-third of married Indian women have chronic energy deficiency; more
than half of them are anaemic.
Forty-five per cent of children under three are severely and chronically malnourished.
Only 42 per cent of children between the age of 12 and 24 months have completed
their immunisation schedule; a massive 14.4 per cent have not received a single
vaccine .
Only 31 per cent of the rural population has access to potable water supply and only
0.5 per cent enjoys basic sanitation .
Babies continue to die every day of treatable respiratory infections, diarrhoea and
other illnesses either preventable through clean water, nutritious food and cheap
vaccines, or treatable with basic drugs.
AIDS is one more infectious disease in the landscape today.
Some people believe that cancers, diabetes and heart disease will soon overtake
infectious diseases as the number one killer.

THE BURDEN OF DISEASE:

WHAT AILS INDIANS?

At present, infectious and parasitic diseases dominate.

Tuberculosis kills 500,000 Indians each year.

Almost 100,000 people died from respiratory infections in 1998.

Some 1,25,000 women died from complications of pregnancy, in 1998 .

100,000 deaths in 1998 could be attributed to nutritional deficiencies .

HIV affected 3.5 million Indians in 1998 .

Malaria affects 2.6 million people each year, and killed at least 20,000 people in
1999.

India has the largest burden of leprosy patients in the world, with a caseload of over
4 million patients.

As Indians live longer, chronic

diseases, related to aging, are
expected to take a greater toll.
Cancers killed 653,000 people in 1998, the
single largest type being mouth and oropharynx
cancer. An estimated 1.5 million new cases
occur each year .
Cardiovascular diseases, which includes those
with an infectious origin, such as rheumatic
heart disease, killed 2,820,000 people in 1998 .
Diabetes: In 1994 there were 20 million
diabetics in India; there will be more than 33
million in 2005, according to World Health
Organisation estimates .

Indian women often tolerate ill

health without complaint.
A considerable proportion of women suffer silently from a
range of gynecological problems.
100,000 Indian women die of pregnancy-related causes each
year.
Abortion, which has been legal in India since 1971, accounts
for at least 12 per cent of maternal deaths.

More than one-third of all deaths take place in children under

the age of five.
As many as 429,000 children died of diphtheria, pertussis (whooping
cough), tetanus, measles or polio, in 1998. One in two polio deaths
in the world occurs in India. All of these are preventable.

Health infrastructure in India

o Public health services.
140,000 sub-centres manned by two multipurpose health workers.
23,000 primary health centres (PHCs) with a medical officer ,14 staff and 4-6
patient beds.
3,000 community health centres (CHCs) with four medical specialists .

o Doctors, nurses, hospitals and dispensaries.

In 1998, about 523,000 allopaths and 115,500 practitioners of other systems
of medicine provided health services to the Indian population.
Institutional services were provided by 17,000 hospitals and 28,000
dispensaries .
Health providers are trained at 165 medical colleges, which turned out
12,000 graduates and 3,140 postgraduates in 1991.

o The infrastructure is primarily in the private sector.

which provides at least 80 per cent of health services
in the country

AIIMS:All India Institute of

Medical Sciences,
New Delhi is a leading Medical
University
of Asian Sub-Continent

A.N.M. providing follow-up to the patients

A.N.M. providing polio drops to a baby

Different levels of health care

center

THE CRUX OF THE PROBLEM:

ISSUES AND DEBATES IN
HEALTH CARE
Health policy
Problems of access
The private-public debate
Private services: not the privilege of the rich.
User charges in government hospitals.
Quality of care
The global economy and Indian people's health

Conclusion
FUTURE STRATEGIES AND POSSIBLE
SOLUTIONS

The only viable proposition is an insurance model that will support millions
across india`s rural hinterland through large networks of hospitals and
clinics.
Success in long term battle against illness
And disease is dependent on education and efficient infrastructure.
Create awareness on health and hygiene and provide efficient system by
leveraging information technology through telemedicine etc.
Facilitating a unique platform for affordable drug development and ensuring
their quality through a quality control system.
Public private partnership are integral to building efficient sustainable and
quality health care model in india.

THANK YOU