Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1
Properties of Pure
Substances
Title:
Pure Substances
Pure
Pure substances
substances
Substance
Substancewith
withfixed
fixedchemical
chemicalcomposition
composition
Can
Canbe
besingle
singleelement:
element:Such
Suchas,
as,NN22,,H
H22,,O
O22
Compound:
Compound:Such
Suchas
asWater,
Water,H
H22O,
O,CC44H
H1010,,
Mixture
Mixturesuch
suchas
asAir,
Air,
2-phase
2-phasesystem
systemsuch
suchas
asH
H22O.
O.
Responsible
Responsiblefor
forthe
thereceiving
receivingand
andremoving
removingdynamic
dynamic
energy
energy(working
(workingfluid)
fluid)
P = 100 kPa
T = 30 C
T = 99.6 C
T, C
99.6
H2O:
C. liquid
, m3/kg
2 = f@100 kPa
Qin
30
Qin
H 2O
Sat.
liquid
P = 100 kPa
T = 99.6 C
99.6
Sat. Vapor
30
Qin
2 = f@100 kPa
Qin
H2O:
Sat. Liq.
H2 O
Sat.
liquid
, m3/kg
P = 100 kPa
T = 99.6 C
99.6
Sat. Vapor
, m3/kg
4 = g@100 kPa
Qin
2 = f@100 kPa
Qin
30
H2O:
Sat. Liq.
H2O:
Sat. Vapor
P = 100 kPa
T = 99.6 C
T = 150 C
T, C
3 = [f + x f g]@100 kPa
1 = f@T1
150
99.6
H2O:
Sat. Vapor
H2O:
Super
Vapor
30
, m3/kg
4 = g@100 kPa
Qin
2 = f@100 kPa
Qin
P = 100 kPa
P = 100 kPa
T = 30 C
T = 99.6 C
T = 99.6 C
T = 150 C
Sat. Vapor
H2O:
C. liquid
H 2O
Sat.
liquid
H2O:
Sat. Liq.
Qin
Qin
Qin
T = 99.6 C
H2O:
Sat. Vapor
H2O:
Super
Vapor
Qin
Qin
10
0k
Pa
T, C
150
99.6
1 = f@T1
30
, m3/kg
5
4 = g@100 kPa
2 = f@100 kPa
1
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-11
T-v diagram for
the heating
process of water
at constant
pressure.
2-1
T, C
179.9
99.6
45.8
, m3/kg
g@100 kPa
f@100 kPa
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-16
T-v diagram of
constantpressure
phase-change
processes of a
pure
substance at
various
pressures
(numerical
values are for
179.9
water).
99.6
45.8
2-2
T v diagram: Multiple P
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-18
T-v diagram of
a pure
substance.
2-3
T v diagram: Multiple P
T v diagram - Example
P, kPa
T, C
50
70
Psat, kPa
T, C
Tsat, C
, m3/kg
81.35
f@70 C
Phase, Y?
50 kPa
Compressed Liquid,
T < Tsat
81.3
70
=f@70 C = 0.001030
, m3/kg
3.2401
T v diagram - Example
P, kPa
, m3/kg
Phase, Why?
200
1.549
Psat, kPa
Tsat, C
T, C
120.2
400
T, C
20
0k
Pa
400
374.1
120.23
f@200 kPa
g@200 kPa
= 0.001061
= 0.8854
T- diagram
with respect to
the saturation
lines
, m3/kg
= 1.549
T v diagram - Example
P, kPa
u, kJ/kg
1,000
2,000
Psat, kPa
Tsat, C
T, C
179.9
179.9
Phase, Why?
T, C
kP
1,0
00
374.1
179.9
T- diagram
with respect to
the saturation
lines
= [f + x f g]@1,000 kPa
f@1,000 kPa
= 0.001127
g@1,000 kPa
= 0.19444
, m3/kg
Property Table
Saturated water Pressure table
Sat.
Pressure temp.
P, kPa
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Tsat, C f, m3/kg
10
45.81
0.001010
14.67
191.82
2246.1
2437.9
50
81.33
0.001030
3.240
340.44
2143.4
2483.9
0.100
99.63
0.001043
1.6940
417.36
2088.7
2506.1
1.00
179.91 0.001127
0.19444
761.68
1822.0
2583.6
1151.4
2544.4
2029.6
P, MPa
10
22.09
2029.6