Communit

ies and
Ecosystem
s

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and
construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

Ecology = the study of

relationships between living
organisms (biotic factors),
their environment (abiotic
factors),
and energy components of
their environment.

E
c
o
l
o
g
y

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and
identify and explain trophic levels in
food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or
numbers, pyramids of biomass and
pyramids of productivity, and
construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure
affects the functioning of an
ecosystem.
-Define the following population
interactions and relate them to real
world examples: neutralism,
ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

In other words in ecology

we study the ecosystem,
which can be defined as a
community and its
nonliving surroundings
(its environment).

Photosynthesis

Respiration

oducers (autotrophs)

een plants, Algae, and some bacteria

pport the entire food chain by makin

ucose in photosynthesis.

Consumers (heterotrophs) must

ingest then digest stored energy
from producers.

Herbivores are consumers that feed

on
plants

Detritivores feed on decomposing

composers (bacteria and fungi)

eak down dead organic material

store soil fertility by recycling nutrien

Ecolog
y

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

Food Chain = used to show

one way matter and energy
can move through an ecosystem.

These movements are the results of

eating or decomposing.

Ecolog
y

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

Food Web = shows all the

possible food chains in an
ecosystem.

Ecolog
y

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

Each organism in a food chain

represents a Trophic Level.

Ecolog
y

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

Ecological Pyramids = Graphical models of the quantitative

differences that exist between trophic levels of a single ecosystem.
They can be pyramids of numbers, biomass, or productivity (energy).

Ecolog
y

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

of
Shows how many individuals are at each trophic level
Tertiary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer

Ecolog
y

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

Pyramid of biomass = Shows the total mass is at each trophic level

Quaternary Consumer

Tertiary
Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer

Ecolog
y

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

Pyramid of Energy = Shows the amount of energy at each trophic level

Each trophic level represents

a 90% loss in energy.
This is because most of the
energy used is lost as
heat.

Ecolog
y

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

Each trophic level represents

a 90% loss in energy.
This is because most of the
energy used is lost as
heat.

Ecolog
y

Students will be able to:

-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.

Bioaccumulation = the accumulation

of substances, such as pesticides,
or other organic chemicals in an
organism.
Biomagnification = the increase in of
substances as you move up in
trophic level.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UiCSvQvVyshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mF2iS5vIamg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i
I6Ob4mS06I

https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=mF2iS5v
Iamg

https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihFkyPv1
jtU