PSG COLLEGE OF

TECHNOLOGY
DESIGN OF MACHINE
ELEMENTS (15Y302)
TOPIC:

CLUTCHES.

PRESENTED BY:
GROUP 7:
Jeevarathinam
15Y206
Kowthamraj
15Y207
Lakshmi kruthiga.P
15Y208
Mohammed hameeth.M
15Y209
Mohammed hussain.I
15Y210
Naveen Kumar
15Y211

CONTENTS.
Role of clutches
Types of clutches
Working of clutches in 2 wheelers
and 4 wheelers.

INTRODUCTION
The Clutch is a mechanical device
and it is responsible for engaging and
disengaging the engine crankshaft
with transmission gears.
Helps to start or stop the driven shaft
without stopping the driving shaft
Mostly used in four wheeler ,two
wheelers engines and automobile
industries

HOW IT WORKS ?
In order to stop the vehicle it is
required that driven shaft must be
stopped but the engine should
continue to run
Therefore the driven shaft must be
disengaged from the driving shaft
The engagement and disengagement
of shaft is obtained by means of
CLUTCHES

TYPES OF CLUTCHES

Types of positive clutches

In this type of clutch, the engaging
surfaces are usually of jaw type
Two types of jaw clutches
spiral jaw clutches
square jaw clutches

In jaw clutches it consist -two half

One half is attached to the driven shaft
And other half is free to slide axially
on the driven shaft

Square jaw clutches

In square clutches the jaws are in
square shape
A square type is used were the
engagement and dis engagement are
in motion
This type will transmit power in
either of the direction of rotation

Square jaw clutches

SPIRAL JAW CLUTCHES

Spiral jaw clutches (Fig. 2) are used
when it needs to transmit power only
in one direction; it may be left
handed or right handed.
They are used when engaging and
disengaging while in motion is
necessary.

Advantages and disadvantages of positive clutch

Advantages
They do not slip.
They can transmit large torque.
Develop no heat during engagement and disengagement
because of rigid interlocking (no friction).
Disadvantages
Engagement of clutch cannot be possible at high speed.
While starting some relative motion may be required to
engage.

FRICTION CLUTCHES

A clutch in which one part turns by

another by friction between them
Power transmission is achieved by
means of friction between the
contacting surface

TYPES OF FRICTION CLUTCHES

There are four types of friction
clutches
single plate clutches
Multi plate clutches
Cone clutches
Centrifugal clutches

FACTORS FOR DESIGNING

FRICTION CLUTCHES
Suitable friction material at
contacting surface
Sufficient torque capacity
Engagement and disengagement
should be done without noise or jerk
Low weight for rotating parts to
reduce inertia
Provision for carrying away heat
while generated during rubbing

SINGLE PLATE AND

CONSTRUCTION
It consist of only one plate hence it is single plate clutch
Construction:
1. Consist of clutch disk between flywheel and pressure plate
2. Both the pressure plate and the fly wheel rotates by driving
shaft
3. Clutch disk is mounted on the hub
4. It is free to move axially but not turnable towards the input
shaft

PARTS OF SINGLE PLATE

CLUTCH

WORKING OF SINGLE PLATE CLUTCH

Pressure plate pushes the clutch
towards the flywheel
arranged-radially inside the body
Three levers are carried on the pivots
suspended from the case of the body
Pressure plate move away from the
body
Bearing is mounted upon the forked
shaft and move forward when clutch
pedal is pressed

WORKING OF SINGLE PLATE CLUTCH

By pressing the clutch down thrust

bearing moves towards the flywheel
Lever turns on their suspended pivot
and force the pressure plate to move
away from the fly wheel
Thus the action compress the clutch
spring
So it moves the pressure plate away
from the clutch plate and remove the
pressure

WORKING OF SINGLE PLATE CLUTCH

This enables the clutch plate to move
back from fly wheel
By moving foot back from the clutch
pedal the thrust bearing moves back and
allows spring to extend
Thus pushes the clutch plate backwards
the fly wheel
This engage the flywheel and clutch plate
which sorts the motion of the driven shaft

MULTIPLE CLUTCH PLATE

MULTIPLE CLUTCH PLATE

It provides better and greater Torque
transmission
Its working is similar to that of the single
plate clutch
In ordinary condition clutch is engaged and
the friction plates are in contact with steel
plates due to the force by pressure plate.
In disengaged condition the friction plates
are not in contact with steel plates as the
splined hub is pulled outward.

CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCHES

CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCH
Here only centrifugal force is used to
apply the pressure to keep the clutch
in engaged position
No clutch pedal used as clutch
automatically disengages at lower
speed with the help of spring G
Applications : these are particularly
useful with internal combustion
engine

CONE CLUTCH
Consists of inner and outer conical
surface. Outer cone is keyed to the
driving shaft, inner cone is free due
to splines
When clutch is engaged the inner
cone moves fully into flywheel cone
transmitting torque.
For disengaging when clutch paddle
is pressed the inner cone is pushed
outward with help of the spring.

CONE CLUTCH

Power transmission in Cone clutch

Power is mainly transmitted
From driving shaft to outer cone by
key
From outer to inner cone through by
friction
Inner cone to driven shaft by splines

ADVANTAGES AND
DRAWBACKS
ADVANTAGES:
Simple in construction easy to disengage
Normal force acting on the friction surface is
greater than axial force
DRAWBACKS:
Tendency to grab
Small cone angle causes some reluctance in
dis-engagement.
Engine braking due to difference in speed
between driven and driving shaft.

Friction clutches preferred over

positive clutches.
Positive clutch constitutes the action of engaging
and disengaging through mating surfaces.
Bringing two rotating parts to mate together at a
very high rpm is very difficult.
So normally during the engaging and disengaging
the parts are brought to lower speeds.
Hence they are suitable only for low speed
applications.
And they also tend to get damaged quickly as
compared to the friction clutches.

How does a clutch works on 4

wheeler
Most cars use africtionclutch
operated either by fluid (hydraulic)
or, more commonly, by a cable.

How a clutch works??

Lets take a closer look.

Multiple plate clutch in two wheeler

How clutch works on 2

wheeler
In 2 wheelers most properly multiple clutches are
used for the following reason.
T = N**W*(R+r)/2
Where ,
T = Torque to be transmitted
= Co efficient of friction
W= 2**k*(R-r) Normal Force acting on
Clutch
R = Clutch outer radius
r = Clutch inner radius
N = No. of contacting surfaces
In order to Increase T only N can be increased.

Working of Multiple clutch

The clutch is consists of clutch plates (friction plates + steel
plates) and clutch hub with pressure plates and springs.
When clutch pedal is pushed the push rod causes the
friction and steel plates to disengage from each other.

Working of Multiple clutch

The depression of
the clutch forces
the springs to
compress and
resulting into
loosening of the
contact of the
friction plates and
the steel plates
allowing the
flywheel to rotate
freely.