EMBEDDED

SYSTEMS
E Nelson Daniel
Dy. Manager (Design)
Aircraft Research & Design Centre
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)

Embedded System?
A system in which the functionality is hidden
inside a (micro)controller /computer
Combination of Hardware and Software
designed for performing a specific task

Applications

Microprocessor
Integrated Circuit (IC) Chip that can perform

Arithmetic and Logical operations

Consists of a Central Processing Unit (CPU),
Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU) and a set of
registers
Separate peripheral ICs are required to
communicate with external devices
Intel 8085, 8086, Pentium Series, I3, I5, I7
AMD Athlon, Duron, Opteron

Microcontroller
Integrated Circuit (IC) chip that can perform

Arithmetic and Logical operations

Consists of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) along with
peripherals like RAM, ROM, I/O Ports, Timers etc.,
No separate peripheral ICs are required
Intel 8051, PIC 12f, 16F, 18F series, Atmel ATtiny,
ATMega, ATxMega
Advance RISC Machine (ARM)

Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller

Programming
Sequencing or ordering of instructions to be

executed by Microprocessor or controller

Microprocessor and Microcontroller are digital
devices which can understand only digits 0 and 1
It is difficult for a Human being to write the
instructions in binary digits (0 and 1)
Hexa Decimal codes are mapped to Processor
specific codes which will have a designated function
Human programmers write programs in Higher level
languages like C, C++ etc., which are then
converted to Hexa Decimal form by compilers

Programming Tools (IDE)

8051 Keil Vision, microC
Atmel AVR Atmel Studio
PIC MPLab IDE, microC for PIC
ARM Keil Vision, IAR Workbench

Programming Tools (IDE)

Programming Tools (IDE)

Microcontroller Architecture
(8051)

Microcontroller Architecture (PIC)

Blinking LED
Pseudo Code
main(){
while(){
PortPin = 0;
wait(500);
PortPin =1;
wait(500);
}
}

Key Pad Interfacing

LCD Interfacing

Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)

Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)

Voltage and Current Measurement

Senso
r

ADC

Microcontroll
er

Thank You