Sie sind auf Seite 1von 15

CogNet - Cognitive Networking

NSF NeTS/FIND (Future Internet Network Design)


Collaborative Project
Rutgers University
University of Kansas
Carnegie Mellon University

CogNet in Perspective

GENI (Global Environment for Network


Innovations)

Global experimental facility that will foster


exploration and evaluation of new networking
architectures (at scale) under realistic
conditions
Major infrastructure, expected to be $367
million

FIND (Future Internet Network Design)

Requirements for global network of fifteen


years from now - what should that network
look like and do?
How would we re-conceive tomorrow's global
network today, if we could design it from
scratch?
Innovative ideas in broad area of network
architecture, principles, and design
Research projects expected to be funded at
$20 million per year in progressive phases
Provides experiments and architectures that
will be pursued on the GENI infrastructure

Wireless Networking Challenges


Why is wireless networking hard?
Mobility is inherent with untethered
Resources are constrained
Spectrum scarcity bandwidth & delay issues

Environment changes
Mobility different surroundings (indoor, urban, rural)

Varying physical properties


Wireless communication path changes over time

Cognitive / Agile Radio Platforms


(-10 0d Bm )

Flexible in RF carrier frequency (~0 - 6 GHz)


Flexible in bandwidth (several 10s MHz)
Flexible in waveform

Traffic characteristics measured at network


layer
Error rate & characteristics (BER and
distribution)
MAC layer per packet error information
Network and transport layer per flow
correlations
Receive characteristics
Physical layer signal strength, interfering
signals, background noise
MAC layer transmit power, antenna in
use

HMC488 MS8 G
CLo ss = 10 dB
P1 dB = + 8 dBm
LO Drive 0 dB m

-3dB

(-6 6dBm)
LNA

+19dB

+ 19 dB

-5dB

Act ive RX Ante nna M od ule

1 .850-2 .450 GHz

BASEBAND I

(-81dBm)

0
90

I
-10dB

0 -3 0d B RX
Attenuation
Control

-5dB

AD83 47
AD83 49
ADF43 60
ADF411 3
SM V3 300A
FOX801BE-1 60
BGA 20 31
MGA-8356 3
MGA-8256 3
MGA-545P 8
MGA-8657 6
HMC4 88M SG 8
ERA-1S M

4 @6 0mA

2 @2 5mA
2 @5 0mA

+ 3. 3
+5
80
150
24 0
15
20
5
70
2 00
1 00
140
50
10 0
40
770m A 4 40m A

MGA-82563
Gain = + 10dB @4.0 GHz
P1 dB =+17d Bm@4. 0 G Hz

Q DE T

ADF43 60-1
2.1 50-2 .450 GHz

RX IF G AIN
CONTRO L
AD5 60 1
6 BI T DAC

3 dB
P OWER
DI VDER
-2d B

RX LO 1

FOX8 01BE-160
TCXO

LO 3

(+ 3. 5d Bm)

BASEBAND Q

ADF4360 -2
1.85 0-2. 150 GHz
I DE T
Jum per
S elect

SPI Bu s

BW=30 MHz

GA IN
CONTROL

3.4 GHz
MC6 8HC08
Microco ntroller

IC
DPB In pu t

16 .0 M Hz

REF CLK OUT

ADF4113
+ 9d B

(+ 3. 5d Bm)

-5dB

SMV3300A

(+5dBm)
TX LO 2

Microst rip

Lu mpe d

(+2 5d Bm)
+ 8dB i

5 .2 50 -5.850 GHz

(+1 7dB m)
(+2 1d Bm )

(+ 15dB m)
(+9dB m)

TX IF GA IN
CO NTROL

ERA -1 SM
Gain = + 6d B@6.0 GHz
P1 dB = +1 2d Bm
(-2dB m)
(-8d Bm )

3.4 GHz

(+7 dB m)
L
R

+17d B

-5d B
O PTIONAL

AD8349
I-Q MODULATOR
700 MHz - 2.7 GHz

ADF43 60-1
2.1 50-2 .450 GHz
BASEBAND I

1.850 -2.4 50 GHz

(-3dBm)

PA
-4 dB

MGA-5 45 P8
Gain = +11. 5d B@5.8 GHz
P 1dB = +21 dBm@5.8 GHz
PS AT = +2 2dBm@5.8 GHz

ADF4360 -2
1.8 50-2 .150 GHz

A D56 01
6 BIT DAC

Act ive TX Ante nn a Mo dule

A/D and D/A driven


Generated/processed by programmable DSP and/or FPGAs

Dials to observe

5. 25 0-5 .85 0 GHz


(-77 dBm)
L NA
-4 dB

AD834 7
I-Q DEMODULATOR
800 MHz - 2.7 G Hz

M GA-86 57 6
Ga in = +19 dB @6.0 GHz
P1dB = +4.3dB m@6.0 GHz
NF = 1.8 dB @6. 0 GHz

+8 dB i

(+3d Bm)

-10dB

+ 9d B

0
90

BW =30 MHz

-5d B

BASEBAND Q

For use w it h passi ve


antenna

MGA -8 35 63
Gain = +1 7d B@6 .0 GHz
P1dB = +15dB m @6.0 GHz
PS AT = +18dB m@6.0 GHz

BGA2031
Gain = +23dB@1 .9 GHz (2.7 VCT RL )
G = 56 dB @1.9 GHz
P1d B = + 13dBm@1.9 GHz

5 GHz RF PCB Block Diagr am


1
D. De Pardo

27 JULY 05

Knobs to influence

Physical layer
Frequency & bandwidth
Transmit power
Beam width & direction
Data rate, code, & chipping rate
MAC protocol
FEC strength
Retransmit scheme
MTU size
Encryption & parameters
Network layer
Routing protocol
Addressing plan(s)
ACLs

Interface framework with a flexible, usable set of scalable parameters


Adapt to resource constraints, environment, varying physical conditions, application

Cognitive Networking
Cognitive (from Wikipedia) applying the experience
gathered in one place by one being
to actions by another being elsewhere
Developing experimental protocol stack for cognitive
networks, not just cognitive radios
Scalable autoconfiguration & network management
Dynamic network layer supporting tailored functionality
(IP, group messaging, rich queries, etc.)
Builds on the foundation of cognitive radios (e.g., Rutgers
/ GNU Radio, KU Agile Radio), but extends it further up
the protocol stack, and explores across stack

CogNet Vision

Network Layer Overlays

Network Layer Innovations Example


Sensor networks with resource constraints
Size, weight, power limits bandwidth, processing power limits

Traditional IP networking not the best answer


Substantial overhead
Unnecessary communications

Innovations
Lightweight network-layer protocols
Operations on data flow e.g., nodes
do not forward sensor data values
that are unchanged
Gateways

Wireless Sensor Network

Network Layer Overlays


Structured and unstructured P2P, DHT
Services may map better to particular overlays
Search, distributed file storage, load balancing, multicast messaging

Overlay typically denotes an application layer network of


semi-persistent links between participating nodes, that is
used to forward messages between the distributed
application elements
Can also use them for Layer 3 forwarding
Inspired by M. Caesar, M. Castro, E. Nightingale, G. O'Shea and A.
Rowstron, "Virtual Ring Routing: Network routing inspired by DHTs",
Sigcomm 2006, Pisa, Italy, September 2006,
http://research.microsoft.com/~antr/VRR.htm

Explore how having tailored layer 3s, (IP, range-based


overlays, multicast optimized overlays, etc.) may impact
end-to-end network architecture for interoperating
cognitive wireless subnets and the future Internet

Network Layer Overlays


Research topics
How to use, position, and discover routers between the overlays
themselves, and the Internet
How applications can decide which network layer to use
Legacy approach manipulating resolver libraries
New approach by applications aware of the Global Control
Plane (GCP)
Implement multiple new network layers (linux kernel changes for
experiments, implement within ns2 for simulations, and explore if
common code can be leveraged)
Ideally explore performance tradeoffs (more overhead, etc.
versus better utilization, etc.) in simulation and real cognitive
radio network (KUAR or Rutgers/GNU Radio)

Routing and Platforms

XORP

Routing Control Platform (RCP)

Routing protocol implementations, extensible API, and configuration tools


IPv4 and IPv6 BGP, RIP, PIM-SM, and IGMP/MLD
Computes BGP routes for the routers in an AS
Incorporates complete routing information & network engineering

Provides basis for experimentation with interdomain routing

Inter-overlay between overlays on same network


Gateways (supernodes) between networks
XORP

Source: M. Caesar, et al, "Design and implementation of a Routing Control Platform, NSDI 2005
Source: XORP Design Overview

Network Management Architecture


Global Control Plane

Global Control Plane


Implement overlay for inter-node transmission of control
plane data (position, capabilities, errors, signal strength,
etc.)
Implement parts of local node control plane necessary to
perform network layer research
Primarily application and layer 3
CMU/Rutgers will implement layer 1 & 2 for their radios
KU may implement local node control plane layer 1 & 2 for KUAR

Explore performance analytically & experiment


Overlay overhead versus better data for cognitive decisions using local
cross-layer and global cross-network information
Assertion - make better cognitive decision knowing local node
information and receiving node environments as well as details above
any intermediate hops

CogNet Summary
Developing experimental protocol stack for cognitive
networks, not just cognitive radios
Scalable autoconfiguration & network management
Dynamic network layer supporting tailored functionality
(IP, group messaging, rich queries, etc.)
Building on foundation of cognitive radios (e.g., Rutgers
& GNU Radio, KU Agile Radio), but extends it further up
the protocol stack, and explores across stack

CogNet - Cognitive Networking

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen