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ACTUAL PV DIAGRAM OF A
GASOLINE ENGINE
JOULES EXPERIMENT
Heat is a form of energy
INTERNAL ENERGY
When heat is added to a fluid its temperature increase
Translational movement velocity is increased.
Rotational movement in polyatomic molecules is increased.
Internal Energy is a thermodynamic primitive there is no internal energy
absolute measurement
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CONSTANT-VOLUME PROCESS
In constant volume process work is
equal to zero
CONSTANT-PRESSURE PROCESS
ENTHALPY, H
Enthalpy appears in energy balance for flow
process, heat exchangers, evaporators, distillation
columns, pumps, compressors, turbines
WHY H?
The tabulation of values of Q and W for the
infinite array of possible processes is
impossible. The state function specific
enthalpy is an intensive property. Once
determined for a particular substance, their
values for liquid and vapor phases can be
tabulated as functions of T and P for future
use in calculation of Q and W.
UNITS OF H
SI: if P is Pa and V m3/mole, H will be in J/mole
common H unit kJ/kg or kJ/mole
English: If P is lbf/ft2 and V is in ft3/lbm, H will be in
lbf.ft/lbm
this is converted to btu/lbm thru division with 778.
HEAT CAPACITY
C = dq/dT
MEASURES OF FLOW
MEASURES OF FLOW
COMPRESSOR PROBLEM
TURBINE PROBLEM
NOZZLE PROBLEM
COMPRESSOR PROBLEM
HEATER