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DENIM WASHING

(A value addition process)

Submitted tobyMr. Vasant Kothari


Harmendar kothari
M.F.Tech-2

submitted
Mr.

Contents
I. Introduction
II. Types of washes
III. Chemical washes
IV. Mechanical washes
V. Cost
VI. References

Introduction
Denim washing is know as one of the
finishing treatment that has vast
usage because of creating special
appearance and updating clothes
There is different methods of denim
washing.

On the base of chemical use

Types
Dry
ofwash
washes

On the bases of water


use

A. Chemical washes1. Enzyme Wash(Bio Stoning) Cellulase enzymes are natural proteins
which are used
It attacks on 1,4-beta-glucoside bond of
cellulose molecule
e.g. Denim ax PB/BT

optimized pH and temperature = maximum activity of


the enzyme

2. Acid WashIt is done by tumbling the garments with


pumice stones presoaked in a solution of
sodium hypochlorite or potassium
permanganate for localized bleaching
resulting in a non uniform sharp blue/white
contrast.
Results depends on:-Fabric
-chemical used(conc.)
-Stone(quantity)
-machine used

Limitations of acid wash:


Tendency to be yellowish
incomplete reduction gives create problem
Remedy:
Manganese is effectively removed during
laundering with addition of reducing
agent(sodium bisulfate,1-5gpl, 50 deg.
Cent.,20mins)
-

3.Denim BleachTo decolorize the dark shade into light


shade by destroying indigo.
INDIGO --------------------------.
ISATIN
(oxidative bleaching agent)
Chemicals sodium hypochlorite
KMnO4
Hydrogen peroxide

Discoloration produced is usually more


apparent depending : On strength of the bleach liquor
On bleach liquor quantity
On temperature and
On treatment time.
DrawbackHarmful to human health and causes
corrosion to stainless steel.

3-E Bleaching concept for denimBleaching with sulphiric acid


derivatives, and recently with
laccase(enzyme).
Technology in based on a Laccase(a
redox enzyme using mol. Oxygen as
electron acceptor) and mediator.
eg. DeniLite(enzyme + PPT)

Other chemical washesRINSE WASH


Ozone fading
Over dye- tinting
Sun washing
Quick wash denim
Water jet fading
Vintage

etc.

B. Mechanical washes1. Stone washingPumice stones give the additional effect


of a faded or worn look
. Stone wt. /fabric wt. = 0.5 to 3 /1
. Dia.of stone-1-7 cm

Pumice
stone

Recommended Specification for StonesMoisture content-less than 5%


Surface properties-less than 5% fines
Apparent Density-0.5-0.75gm/cm3
Abrasion loss-35%
Impurities
when exceed 10% they increase apparent
density1 gm/cm3, the stone will not float in
water during process.

2. Sand blasting:Sand blasting technique is based on


blasting an abrasive material in granular,
powdered or other form through a nozzle
at very high speed and pressure onto
specific areas of the garment surface.

process

product look

3.Whiskering-(Cat's Whiskers)
Industrially done with laser, sandblasting,
machine sanding, hand sanding and rods.
'knee whiskers' -whiskers on the sides of
knees
honeycombs' -crease marks on the back
of the knee

honeyco
mb

Whiskers on skirt

Other mechanical washesLASER TECHNOLOGY


SUPER STONEWASH
Scrapping
Grindings-

grinding

Laser
technology

Scrubbing

Tagging on pockets

CostingWASH

COST($)

WASH

COST($)

Enzyme wash

.70

Whiskering

.40

Acid wash

1$

scrapping

.35

Enzyme stone
Bleach wash

.95

Tagging

.15-.30

Tieing-

0.15

Stone wash

.70

PPC spray

.25

Tinting

.10

Laser technology

1$

Ozone wash-

3 min-0.20
30 mins-0.60

Enzyme stone
wash

.85

Damage

.10 -.50

Sand
blasting(ban
d)

Silicosis( Levi
s and H&M)

Pocket edge
& hem
grinding

.10

1.www.fibre2fashion.com
2.Washing Report of Arvind Mills
3.Denim garment washing process-ATIRA
4.Denim garment processing Express
Textile(march 2003)
5.Garment washing & finishing- Pearl
Academy of Fashion

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