Power Quality Improvement by Dynamic Voltage

Restorer with BESS

Presented By

P. Sravan Kumar,
In charge Principal, Aurora's polytech Academy,

K Amarnath,
Lecturer, Department of EEE, Government Institute of Electronics, Hyderabad

B.Santosh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Trinity College of Engineering & Technology

First International Conference on Recent

Innovations in Engineering & Technology
Dec 22-23, 2016

Introduction
What is Power Quality
Power quality is about deviations of voltage and/or current from the
ideal, but whether or not the deviation is important depends on the
purpose of the installation and the design of the equipment.

Power Quality Parameters

Frequency
Voltage Variations
Voltage Flicker
Voltage Dip

Power Quality Parameters

Interruptions

Temporary Overvoltag

Transients

Power Quality Parameters

Unbalance
Harmonics
Interharmonics

Harmonics

f ( x ) sin( x )

sin( 5 x )
f ( x)
5

f ( x ) sin( x )

sin( 5 x )
5

POWER QUALITY

Power qualityis an issue that is becoming

increasingly important to electricity consumers at all
levels of usage.
Sensitivepowerelectronic equipment and non-linear
loads are widely used in industrial, commercial and
domestic applications leading to distortion in voltage
and current waveforms.
Types of Power Quality Problems
Transients
Over voltage
Under voltage
Sags
Swells

Sources of Poor Power Quality:

Internal Distribution
80% of all power quality problems occur in a companys distribution and grounding/bonding
systems. Corroded connections, defective conduit, defective electrical devices, improper wiring,
overloading circuits and improper bonding are just some of the elements involved.

Internal Loads
Everything from variable speed drives, microprocessor based devices, and loads such as
lighting and battery chargers contribute to the resulting quality of electrical power in a circuit.
Internal loads can cause poor power factor, harmonics and power quality events such as sags,
swells, and transients.

DYNAMIC VOLTAGE
RESTORER (DVR):

To mitigate the problems caused by poor quality of power supply,

DVR is used.
A DVR is a series connected compensator.
A DVR has to supply energy to the load during the voltage sags.
Typically, DVRs are made of modular design with a module rating
of 2 MVA or 5 MVA. They have been installed in substations of
voltage rating from 11 kV to 69 kV.

DVR has four components listed below.

Voltage Source Converter (VSC)
Boost or Injection Transformers
Passive Filters
Energy Storage

CONTROL STRATEGY
Pre-Sag Compensation

In-phase Compensation
Minimum Energy Compensation

OPERATION OF DVR
The terminal voltages (Vta, Vtb, Vtc) have power
quality problems and the DVR injects compensating
voltages (VCa, VCb, VCc) through an injection
transformer to get undistorted and balanced load
voltages (VLa, VLb, VLc).

The DVR is implemented using a three leg voltage source inverter

with IGBTs along with a dc capacitor (Cdc).
A ripple filter (Lr, Cr) is used to filter the switching ripple in the
injected voltage.
Before sag the load voltages and currents are represented as VL
(presag) and Isa.
After the sag event, the terminal voltage (Vta) gets lower in
magnitude and lags the presag voltage by some angle.
The DVR injects a compensating voltage (VCa) to maintain the
load voltage (VL) at the rated magnitude. VCa has two components,
VCad and VCaq.

CONTROL OF DVR:
The compensation for voltage sags using a DVR can be performed
by injecting or absorbing the reactive power or the real power.
When the injected voltage is in quadrature with the current at the
fundamental frequency, the compensation is made by injecting
reactive power and the DVR is with a self-supported dc bus.
If the injected voltage is in phase with the current, DVR injects
real power, and hence, a battery is required at the dc bus of the VSC.

Control of DVR With BESS for Voltage Sag,

Swell, and Harmonics Compensation

The voltages at the PCC and at the load terminal are sensed
for deriving the IGBTs gate signals. The reference load
voltage is extracted using the derived unit vector.
Load voltages (
) are converted to the rotating
reference frame using abcdqo conversion using Parks
transformation with unit vectors (
,
) derived using a
phase-locked loop.
Similarly, reference load voltages (
) and voltages
at the PCC are also converted to the rotating reference frame.
Reference DVR voltages in the abc frame are obtained from
reverse Parks transformation.
Reference DVR voltages (
,
,
) and actual DVR
voltages(vdvra,vdvrb,vdvrc) are used in a pulse width
modulated (PWM) controller to generate gating pulses to a
VSC of the DVR.

Control block of the DVR

Control block of the DVR

The voltage sags is detected when the supply drops

below 90% of the reference value whereas voltage
swells is detected when supply voltage increases up to
25% of the reference value.
The error signal is used as a modulation signal that
allows generating a commutation pattern for the power
switches (IGBTs) constituting the voltage source
converter.
The commutation pattern is generated by means of
the

sinusoidal

(SPWM);

pulse

voltages

modulation.

width

are

modulation

controlled

technique

through

the

When a voltage sag/swell occurs, the DVR needs to

inject three single phase voltages in synchronism with
the supply in a very short time.
The DVR draws active power from the energy source
and supplies this along with the reactive power
(required) to the load.
If there is a fault on the downstream of the DVR, the
converter is by- passed temporarily using thyristor
switches to protect the DVR against over currents. The
threshold is determined by the current ratings of the
DVR.
Typically, a DVR may be designed to protect a

MATLAB
MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical
computing.
The MATLAB Mathematical Function Library: This
is a vast collection of computational algorithms
ranging from elementary functions, like sum, sine,
cosine, and complex arithmetic, to more sophisticated
functions like matrix inverse, matrix Eigen values,
Bessel
functions,Language
and fast Fourier
transforms.
The MATLAB
:
This
is a high-level
matrix/array language with control flow statements,
functions, data structures, input/output, and objectoriented programming features.

MATLAB MODELING AND

MATLAB-based model
of the BESS-supported DVRSIMULATION
connected system

Dynamic performance of DVR with in-phase

injection during voltage sag and swell applied to
critical load.

Dynamic performance of DVR during

harmonics in supply voltage applied to
critical load

Dynamic performance of the capacitorsupported DVR during voltage sag

Dynamic performance of the capacitorsupported DVR during voltage swell

CONCLUSION
A comparison of the performance of the DVR with
completely different schemes has been performed with a
reduced-rating VSC, together with a capacitor-supported
DVR with PWM controller. The reference load voltage has
been calculable victimization the tactic of unit vectors, and
also the management of DVR has been achieved, that
minimizes the error of voltage injection. The SRF theory
has been used for estimating the reference DVR voltages.