WELCOME

PRESENTED BY,
NISSY ANNIE BABU
1st yr B.Ed. MATHEMATICS
2016-2018

SCOPE OF MATHEMATICS
Mathematics reveals hidden patterns
that help us understand the world around
us. Now much more than arthematic and
geometry, mathematics today is a diverse
discipline that deals with :
data
measurements
observation from science
mathematical models of natural
phenomena

The special role of mathematics in

education is a consequence of its
universal applicability.
o
The result of mathematics
Theorems and theories are both
significant and useful;
o
Mathematics empowers us to
understand better the information
laden world in which we live

EXPERIENCE WITH
MATHEMATICAL MODES
It thought builts mathematical power
A capacity of mind of increasing value
in this technological age to read
critically
To identify fallacies
To detect bias
To assess risk
To suggest alternatives

MODERN USE OF
MATHEMATICS
The use of a product orientation to
characterize the nature of of mathematics is
not a settled issue among mathematicians,
they tend to carry strong Platonic views
about the existence of mathematical concept
outside the human mind.,
In reality, however, most professional
mathematicians think little about the nature
of the subject as they work within it.

MAIN PROPERTIES OF
MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE
1) Mathematical objects are invented or
created by humans.
2) They are created, not arbitrarily, but
arise from activity with already existing
mathematical objects.
3) The mathematical objects are from the
needs of science and daily life.
4) Once created mathematical objects have
properties which are well determined.

5) Mathematical objects which may

have great difficulty in discovering
but
which
are
possessed
independently.

DEVELOPMENT AND ACCEPTANCE

OF MATHEMATICS
It carries with it challenges for mathematics
and mathematic education.
A philosophy should call for experiences that
help mathematician, teacher and student to
experience the invention of mathematics. It
should call for experiences that allow for the
mathematization, or modeling, of ideas and
events.

Developing a new philosophy of

mathematics requires discussion
and
Communication of alternative views
of mathematics to determine a valid
and workable characterization of the
discipline.

EARLY 20TH CENTURY VIEWS

IN MATHEMATICS
It
freed
from
reliance
on
experimentation and perception, soon
encountered new problems with the
appearance of paradoxes in the real
number system and the theory of sets.

THREE NEW VIEWS OF

MATHEMATICS
`The
first
was
the
school
of
logicism,founded by the German
mathematician, Gottlob Frege in 1884.
This school, an outgrowth of platonic
school, set out to show that ideas of
mathematics could be viewed as a
subset of the ideas of logic

In logicism, the contents were the

ele- ments of the body of classical
mathematics,
its definitions,
its postulates and
its theorems

The second was the Brouwers

school
of
thought,
called
the
intuitionists, were great ly concerned
with the appearance of paradoxes in
set theory and the possible
ramifications for all of classical
mathematics

In intuitionism, the contents were

the
theorems
that
had
been
constructed from first principles viz.
valid patterns of reasoning

The third was the school of

formalism, to emerge near the
beginning of the 20th century. This
school was molded by the German
mathematician David Hilbert. It is a
conception of mathematics.

In formalism, mathematics was

made up of the formal axiomatic
structures developed to rid classical
mathematics of its shortcomings.