Pressure and Flow

Measurement
Chapter 3

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

Pressure Units of
Measurement

Pressure:
Defined as force per unit area
derived unit

SI unit: Pascal (Pa)

Newton Force per metre squared

US unit: Pounds per square inch (PSI)

British unit: Bar
One bar is one atmosphere of pressure
101.3kPa or 14.7PSI
ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

Pressure Measurement

Three different forms

Absolute pressure is pressure above the
absolute zero i.e. complete vacuum
Gauge pressure is the pressure measured
by a device above local atmospheric
pressure
Differential pressure is the difference
between two unknown pressures when
neither is at local atmospheric pressure

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

Manometers illustrating
Pressure Measurement

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

C-type Bourdon Tube

Cross-section

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

Pressure Gauge
C Tube

Pinion
Hair spring
Quadrant gear

Shaft

ESD Simulation Training

Link

Technical Training Courses

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

Helical Tube
Open end

Movable tip
ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

10

Spiral Tube

Movable tip

Open end

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

11

Diaphragm Pressure
Transducers

There are two basic categories of

diaphragm elements:
stiff metallic diaphragms
slack diaphragms

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

12

Schaffer Gauge
Window

Blow-out vent

Case
Dial

Movement

Pointer

Flange
bolts
Diaphragm

ESD Simulation Training

Connection

Technical Training Courses

13

Differential Pressure
Transmitter
High pressure

Low pressure
Damping
valve

Diaphragm
stack

Diaphragm
stack

Bimetallic
temperaturecompensator

Range
spring

Pressure-tight
covers

Sealed
flexture
Drive unit
ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

14

Bellows

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

15

Flow Measurement
Head
Vortex
Magnetic
Mass

Angular momentum
Coriolis
Vibrating U tube
ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

16

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

17

Head Flow Meter Principle

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

18

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

19

Flow Pattern with Orifice

Plate

A
ESD Simulation Training

B
Technical Training Courses

20

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

21

Orifice Plate Designs

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

22

Venturi Principle

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

23

Vortex Shedding Principle

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

24

Vortex Shedding
Flowmeter

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

25

Vortex Shedding and

Coanda Effect

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

26

Magnetic Flow Principle

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

27

Mass Flow Measurement

Not dependent on physical properties to

convert raw signal
Raw signal is directly proportional to mass
flow

Higher accuracy than head flow

measurement and magnetic flow meters
Ideal for fiscal metering

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

28

Angular Momentum
Flowmeter

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

29

Coriolis Mass Flowmeter

(Vaned Type)

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

30

Vibrating U-Tube

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

31

Vibrating U-Tube - End

View

ESD Simulation Training

Technical Training Courses

32