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Average of the factored force effect at the connection and the force effect
in the member at the same point
BOLTED CONNECTIONS
Slip-critical bolted connections can fail in two ways: (a) slip at the
connection; (b) bearing failure of the connection
Tightened
N =Tb
N =Tb
P
N =Tb
F=N
Tb
F=N
N =Tb
Tb
P
N = Tb
N = Tb
If the applied shear force is less than the friction that develops between
the two surfaces, then no slip will occur between them
R =K K N P
Where, P = minimum required bolt tension specified in Table 1
n
1.0
0.70
0.60
Values of Ks
Faying surfaces
Unpainted clean mill scale, and blast-cleaned surfaces with Class A coating
Unpainted blast-cleaned surfaces with Class B coating
Hot-dip galvanized surfaces roughened by wire brushing Class C
SLIP-CRITICAL CONNECTION
BEARING CONNECTION
BEARING CONNECTION
BEARING CONNECTION
Threads excluded:
Threads included:
Rn = 0.48 Ab Fub Ns
Rn = 0.38 Ab Fub Ns
If the length is greater than 50 in., then the values from the equations
have to be multiplied by 0.8
BEARING CONNECTION
Effective bearing area of a bolt = the bolt diameter multiplied by the thickness
of the connected material on which it bears
For bolts spaced with clear distance between holes greater than or equal to 3.0 d
and for bolts with a clear end distance greater than or equal to 2.0 d
Rn = 2.4 d t Fu
For bolts spaced with clear distance between holes less than 3.0 d
and for bolts with clear end distances less than 2.0 d
Rn = 1.2 Lc t Fu
Where, d = nominal bolt diameter
Lc= clear distance between holes or between the hole and the end of the member in
the direction of applied bearing force
Fu = tensile strength of the connected material
BEARING CONNECTION
SPACING REQUIREMENTS
Sheared
edge
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-1/2
1-3/4
2
2-1/4
2-3/8
Rolled or
Gas Cut edge
7/8
1
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-1/2
1-5/8
1-3/4
BOLTED CONNECTION
BOLTED CONNECTION
Step II. Slip-critical splice connection
Therefore, R
Therefore, number of in. diameter bolts required for splice to be slipcritical at service loads = 200 / 9.24 = 21.64.
BOLTED CONNECTION
BOLTED CONNECTION
Step IV: Connection strength at factored loads
ub
s
BOLTED CONNECTION
Bearing strength of 3/4 in. bolts at edge holes (Le = 1.25 in.)
bb Rn = 0.80 x 1.2 Lc t Fu
Because the clear edge distance = 1.25 (3/4 + 1/16)/2 = 0.84375 in. < 2 d
bb Rn = 0.80 x 2.4 d t Fu
Because the clear distance between holes = 2.5 (3/4 + 1/16) = 1.6875 in. > 2d
CONNECTION STRENGTH
Connection Strength
Slip-critical strength = 221.7 kips
Shear strength of bolts = 386.9 kips
Bearing strength (plate) = 892 kips
Therefore ok
WELDED CONNECTIONS
Introduction
The shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process for field welding.
Submerged metal arc welding (SAW) used for shop welding
automatic or semi-automatic process
WELDED CONNECTIONS
Two most common types of welds are the fillet and the groove weld.
lap joint fillet welds placed in the corner formed by two plates
Tee joint fillet welds placed at the intersection of two plates.
Partial penetration groove welds can be made from one or both sides with or
without edge preparation.
Fillet weld
Fillet weld
WELDED CONNECTIONS
L
Throat = a x cos45o
= 0.707 a
a
a
Failure Plane
Shear stress
P in fillet weld of length L subjected to load P
fv = 0.707 a L w
Where, = 0.80
F is the tensile strength of the weld electrode used in the welding process.
e2
exx
It can be 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, or 120 ksi. The corresponding electrodes
are specified using the nomenclature E60XX, E70XX, E80XX, and so on.
E70XX is the most popular electrode used for SMAW fillet welds
For E70XX, R
Rn = v x 0.58 Ag Fy
where, v = 1.0
Fy is the yield strength of the base metal and Ag is the gross area in shear
T
Plan
Elevation
= 1.0 x 0.58 x Fy x t x Lw
Weld size need not exceed the thickness of the thinner part joined.
a depends on the thickness of the thicker part joined
If the thickness of the thicker part joined (T) is less than or equal to in.
min
amin = in.
min
= 5/16 in.
max
Where end returns can be made in the same plane, they shall be
returned continuously, full size around the corner, for a length equal to
twice the weld size (2a)
(d)
f L1
Tu
3.4 in.
f L2
L2
Connection layout
(d)
f L1
Tu
3.4 in.
f L2
L2
The tension force Tu acts along the c.g. of the member, which is
1.65 in. from the top and 3.35 in. from the bottom (AISC manual).
Therefore, L
= 2.0 L2
Therefore, L
(e)
f L1
Tu
5f
3.4 in.
f L2
L2
fL1 + fL2 + 5f = Tu
L1 + L2 + 5 = 15.0 in.
Therefore,
L1 = 7.6 in.
and
and
L2 = 2.4 in.
L2 = 3.0 in.
Complete joint penetration groove weld: transmits full load of the member they join
and have the same strength as the base metal.
Partial penetration groove weld: Welds do not extend completely through the
thickness of the pieces being joined.
Groove Welds
Complete penetration groove welded connections
Factored resistance
exx
exx
e2
exx
y
Groove Welds