Battery Technology

Lithium Flow Batteries

Mukhtiar Hussain
MS EE POWER
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Battery
Convert stored chemical energy into
electrical energy
Reaction between chemicals take
place
Consisting of electrochemical cells
Contains
Electrodes
Electrolyte

Electrodes and Electrolytes

Cathode
Positive terminal
Chemical reduction occurs (gain electrons)

Anode
Negative terminal
Chemical oxidation occurs (lose electrons)

Electrolytes allow:
Separation of ionic transport and electrical transport
Ions to move between electrodes and terminals
Current to flow out of the battery to perform work
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Battery Overview
Battery has metal or plastic case
Inside case are cathode, anode,
electrolytes
Separator creates barrier between
cathode and anode
Current collector brass pin in
middle of cell conducts electricity
to outside circuit

Primary Cell
One use (nonrechargeable/disposable)
Chemical reaction used, can not be
reversed
Used when long periods of storage
are required
Lower discharge rate than
secondary batteries
Use:
smoke detectors, flashlights, remote
controls
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Lithium-Ion Battery
Anode: Graphite
Cathode: Lithium manganese dioxide
Electrolyte: mixture of lithium salts
Lithium ion battery half cell reactions
CoO2 + Li+ + e- LiCoO2 E = 1V
Li+ + C6+ e- LiC6 E ~ -3V

Overall reaction during discharge

CoO2 + LiC6 LiCoO2 + C6
Eoc = E+ - E- = 1 - (-3.01) = 4V
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Lithium-Ion Battery
Ideal material
Low density, lithium is light
High reduction potential
Largest energy density for weight

Li-based cells are most compact ways of storing electrical

energy
Lower in energy density than lithium metal, lithium-ion is safe
Energy density is twice of the standard nickel-cadmium
No memory and no scheduled cycling is required to prolong
battery life
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Flow Battery Technology

Flow batteries use liquid electrolytes with fixed cells to store and regenerate power.
Various flow battery chemistries exist such as vanadium redox, zinc-bromine, iron chromium etc.

Performance
measure

Cycle
Life

Energy
Efficiency
(%)

Market leader

5000

60

Best in class

10,000+

70
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Construction.
The electrolyte is stored in tanks. To increase the energy
density, the tank sizes can be doubled using readymade storage tanks at an estimated cost increase of
only 50 percent compared to a new system. When
replacing the battery, the electrolyte can be reused,
further saving cost. Problem areas are the membranes
that tend to corrode and are expensive; additives are
said to solve this issue.

Electrolyte is stored in tanks and pumped through the core to

generate electricity; charging is the process in reverse. The
volume of electrolyte governs battery capacity.
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Lithium-ion flow battery

Alithium-ion flow batteryis aflow battery that uses a
form of lightweight lithium as itscharge carrier.
The flow battery stores energy separately from its
system for discharging.
The amount of energy it can store is determined by tank
size, itspower densityis determined by the size of the
reaction chamber
Flow batteries suspend grains of solid material in a
liquid, which preserves its characteristics, making
lithium's high energy density available to flow systems.
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Construction
The membrane that separates the two electrodes in a
flow battery must allow for the quick passage of lithium
ions to balance the charges during charging and
discharging. Current lithium conducting membranes are
either effective but brittle, or flexible but inefficient.

A new flow battery that uses lithium ion

technology is able to hold more energy in
a given volume than those already on the
market.

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Conclusion
Energy storage technologies are rapidly gaining adoption for variety of grid
applications in recent years.
Pumped Hydro, Thermal Storage and Lead Acid batteries have been used for
grid support and back up applications for 100+ years
In recent years, Li-Ion batteries are gaining rapid adoption for short duration
applications, and reduction is prices and improvements in performance is also
enabling use for applications such as peak load management, renewable
integration and diesel reduction.
Advanced Lead Acid and Flow batteries also have promise for significant
improvements and enabling newer applications in next 3-5 years.
Regulatory intervention & Business Model innovation is expected to drive large

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Thank You

Any Questions??
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