Volumetric apparatus

Conical flask

Pipette
Burette
beaker

Definition of terms
Standard solution is a chemical term
which describes a solution of known
concentration.
Concentration
1. Mass conc ( conc. In gdm-3 ) :Mass
(in grams) of a substance dissolved in
1dm-3 of solution.
Mathematically;
Mass(g)
Vol(dm )

Mass conc =
3

Definition of terms
Molar Conc (conc in moldm-3 ): amount of
substance (in moles) present in 1dm3 of
solution.
Mathematically;
Amount, n (mol)
Molar conc = Volume, V(dm )
3

Note: Molar conc a.k.a MOLARITY (M)

Concentration of
solution

Concentration is just like sweetness of

a solution.
Imagine: A sugar solution contains
10.0g of sugar per dm3 of solution and
another contains 2.0g sugar per dm 3 of
solution.
The more concentrated one will be
sweeter.
Can you identify the sweeter?

Example
What is the molar conc. of a solution
containing 1.12g of potassium hydroxide in
250cm3 of solution? [KOH = 56]
Hint: molar conc. means ??????????
Conc. in mole per dm3
Get your answer in gdm-3 and convert it to
moldm-3
Then youve solved the problem

Now lets do it
250cm3 contain 1.12g
1000cm3 will contain X
X = 1000 x 1.12
250
X = 4.48gdm-3
Convert to molar conc.
Molarity = mass conc
molarmass
= 4.48/56
= 0.080mol/dm3

Using formular
Molar conc = amnt (mol)
Vol(dm3)
Mole = mass/Mm
= 1.12/56 = 0.020mol
Vol (dm3) = 250/1000
= 0.250dm3
Molar conc. = 0.020
0.250
= 0.080 mol/dm3

problems involved concentration

1. A solution contains 2.65g of anhydrous Na2CO3

in 200cm3 of solution. Calculate the conc. of
the soln in gdm-3 [Na2CO3 = 106]
Hint: Do you notice that the problem is given in
2.65g per 200cm 3 ?.
Good!
Just express it in gdm-3 .
I mean gram in 1000cm3
SIMPLE!

One more!
Calculate the vol. of a 12.0moldm-3 HCl
that should be diluted with distilled
water to obtain 1.0dm3 of a 0.05moldm-3
HCl.
Soln.
C1 = 12moldm-3, V1 = ?
C2 = 0.05moldm-3 , V2 = 1.0dm3
Ive done my own part, do yours!

Examples
1. 20cm3 of tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid was
neutralized with 25cm3 of 0.1mol dm-3
sodium hydroxide solution. The
equation of reaction is
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Calculate (i) conc. of acid in moldm -3 (ii)
mass conc. of the acid.
[H=1, S= 32, O=16]

More
If 18.50cm3 hydrochloric acid were
neutralized by 25 cm3 of potassium
hydroxide solution containing 7gdm-3.
what is the conc. of the acid in mol
dm-3?
The equation of reaction:
HCl + KOH
HCl + H2O
[K = 39, O = 16, H = 1]