Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
GROUP MEMBERS
DANYAL KHAN
ZEESHAN ZAHID
FAWAD AHMED
ABDUL RAFAY
ZULFIQAR ALI SADIQ
SAQIB KHAN
CONTENTS
Introduction
Background
Problem statement
Scope of study
Literature review
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
From the last few decades there is an exponential increase in the world population which
cause:
Continuous decrease in land and increase in food demand
1.
Explosives
2.
Fermentation.
3.
Refrigeration.
4.
Cleaning agents.
BACKGROUND
How ammonia is produced?
METHANE
AIR
NITROGEN
AMMONIA
CONVERTER
AMMONIA
FERTILIZER
REFORMING
CARBON DIOXIDE
HYDROGEN
UREA
BACKGROUND
HABER
BOSCH
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Growth is forecast at 1 %
annually during 20132018
Ammonia Production
3 2.35
2
2.1
2.25
2.35
2.45
2.5
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
Million ton 1
0
2003
Year
Production
SCOPE OF STUDY
OBJECTIVES
Literature survey
Mass balance.
Energy balance.
Economic analysis.
Radial flow
Axial radial
Conversion
Pressure drop
Temperature
Flow type
Heat exchange
Number of
converters
Numer of catalyst
beds
Uhde
Radial flow
Intercooled
Two
Three
Kellog(kbr)
Axial flow
Intercooled or
quench
One
Two or four
Topsoe
Radial flow
Intercooled or
quench
One or two
Two or three
Casale
intercooled
One
Three
ICI
Axial flow
Intercooled and
quench
One
Three beds
Catalyst bed 1
Catalyst bed 2
Interbed exchanger 2
Catalyst bed 3
Gas outlet
WHY
HALDOR
TOPSOE
AMMONIA
CONVERTOR
IS
BEING PREFERRED?
METHODOLOGY
To date, most of the ammonia converters are operating as a black box and simulation
and modelling was performed by provider.
Therefore, a two dimensional mathematical model was developed for the simulation
of a radial flow Ammonia converter using MATLAB.
Simulation of two as well as three catalyst bed ammonia converter is carried out.
METHODOLOGY
MATHEMATICAL MODEL:
In this model mass and energy balance equations are solved simultaneously for a
cylindrical differential element to obtain:
I.
II.
Temperature profile.
METHODOLOGY
ASSUMPTIONS:
Tempertaure of the gas flowing through the catalyst bed is the same as the
catalyst particle at each position.
METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS
RESULTS
RESULTS
CONCLUSION