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AlCl
K CO
salt
3
Al(OH)3
HCl
KOH
NaHCO3
NaOH
NaH2PO4
NaOH
H2CO3
Na2HPO4
Na3PO4
H2CO
NaOH
H3PO4
HPO4
NaO
H
H2PO4
Buffering Action
Original Solution
1.00 L of solution
containing
0.100 M NH3 and
0.200 M NH4Cl
Original
pH
Acid or base
added
New
pH
pH
+0.13
-0.14
8.95
8.81
PHBuffers
__________________________________________
Examples of pH buffers
include:
Acetic acid and sodium
acetate
Lactic acid and sodium
lactate
H3PO4 and KH2PO4
NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4
Na2HPO4 and Na3PO4
NH3 and NH4Cl
Buffer solutions
Solutions that contain both a
weak acid and its conjugate
base are buffer solutions.
These solutions are
resistant to changes in pH.
Preparing buffer
solutions
If we want to create a
buffer solution of a
specific pH, the H-H
equation tells us we
need to pick a
conjugate acid-base
pair with a pKa for the
acid close to the pH
we want, and then we
adjust the amounts of
the conjugate acid and
pH = pKa + log
[HA]
pH = -log (4.2 x 10-7) + log
(1.00M)/(1.00M)
pH = pKa = 6.4
HendersonHasselbalch
Equation
What is the pH of a buffer that is
0.12 M in lactic acid,
CH3CH(OH)COOH, and 0.10 M in
sodium lactate? Ka for lactic acid is
1.4 104.
Solution
[base]
pH = pKa + log
[acid]
(0.10)
pH = log (1.4 104) + log(0.12)
pHpH
= 3.85 + (0.08)
pHpH = 3.77
2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.