Logic, Reasoning,

Knowledge and Truth

Dwi Gunarti
Hilda Octavia
Rifki Irawan

Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.

Logic
Reasoning
Knowledge
Truth

1. Logic

2. Reasoning

3. Knowledge

3. Knowledge
A. Definitions of Knowledge
B. Differences between Science and
knowledge
C. Sources of Knowledge
D. Kinds of Knowledge
E. Factors Influencing Knowledge

A. Definitions of Knowledge
Knowledge is the result of "know" and this occurred after
people perform sensing to a particular object. (Soekidjo,
Notoadmodjo 2003)
Knowledge is a truth received by man, either well-tested
into science or untested (Subandi Al Amrsudi).
Knowledge is an event that makes the human becomes
conscious (Heidegger)

B. Differences between Science and

knowledge
Science

Knowledge

General

Individual or Group

Has been tested and assessed

Hasnt been tested and assessed yet

Science is the knowledge that has

been arranged in a systematic.

has not been compiled systematically

as yet tried and tested.

The teacher of science is a science

itself, somebody who teaches the
science is only for delivering the
science.

The teacher of knowledge is one who

has the knowledge.

C. Sources of Knowledge
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

The trust is based on tradition

customs and religion
Sensory / experience
Intellect mind
Individual Intuition

D. Kinds of Knowledge
Based on its form
1)Implicit Knowledge Persons experience
2)Explicit Knowledge has been documented and stored
Based on the sources
3)Empiric Knowledge obtained by performing the observations made
empirically and rationally
4)Rationalism knowledge Obtained by thinking logically

E. Factors Influencing Knowledge

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Education
Information
Social, Culture and Economic
Environment
Experience
Age

4. Truth

4. Truth
A. Definitions of Truth
B. Kinds of Truth
C. Levels of Truth
D. Theories of Truth According Philosophy
E. Ways to Discover Truth

A. Definitions of Truth
The appropriateness between what is
claimed as an unknown with actual reality.
(Aristoteles )
The Correspondence between what
human thinks and the real fact.
Sudarminta (2008 : 127)

B. Kinds of Truth
1. Epistemology Truth (Related to the
knowledge)
2. Ontology Truth (Related to something
that exist/is held)
3. Semantic Truth (Related to language and
speech)

C. Levels of Truth
Religious Truth
Philosophical Truth
Tru
Scientific
Truth
th
by
Se
nse

D. Theories of Truth According Philosophy

1.
2.
3.
4.

Correspondence Theory
Consistency Theory
Pragmatic Theory
Religious Theory

E. Ways to Discover Truth

1.
2.
3.
4.

The Invention by incidental

The invention by trial and error
The Invention by authority
The invention by critical thinking and
rational