BUILT ENVIRONMENT &

SPATIAL CULTURE
Lecture 8, 21-032014

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Father of

Psychoanalysis

Freud founded the area of

psychoanalysis, which he
described in 1923 as
a theory of the mind or
personality,
a method of investigation of
unconscious process, and
a method of treatment

Influences on Sigmund Freud

ChildhoodConflicting
emotions for Half brother
Philip, emotional crisis after
fathers death

Interpretation
Dreams

Contemporary
Scientific
climate
Charles Darwins Origin of
Species
Field
of
PhysicsConservation of energy by
Helmholz
Ernst Brucke

Concept
of
Psychic
Energy- Cornerstone of
Freuds psychoanalytic
theory

of

Freuds Theory of the Unconscious; The Mental Iceberg

Topographic model

In 1905 Freud argued that the

mind is divided into the
conscious, the preconscious
and the unconscious.
The conscious is the part of
the mind that holds
everything you are currently
aware of.
The preconscious contains
everything you could become
aware of but are not currently
thinking about.
The unconscious is the part
of the mind that we cannot
usually become aware of.

The
Unconscious
Freud saw the unconscious as holding all the urges,
thoughts and feelings that might cause us anxiety,
conflict and pain. Although we are unaware of them,
these urges, thoughts and feelings are considered to
exert an influence on our actions.

Structural
model

Alongside the three

levels of consciousness,
in 1923 Freud
developed a structural
model of personality
involving what he called
the id,
the ego and
the superego.

the id functions in the

unconscious and is
closely tied to
instinctual and
biological processes. It
is the primitive core
from which the ego
and the superego
develop.

the superego
provides moral
guidance, embodying
parental and societal
values. The superego
has two sub-systems:
conscience and ego
ideal.

the ego mediates

between id impulses,
superego directives
and the real world.
Conflicts in this
process can lead to
anxiety. When anxiety
cannot be dealt with
by realistic methods,
the ego calls upon
various defence

Freuds Tripartite model of the structure of the mind or

personality

Three structural elements within the mind, id,ego, andsuperego.

Theidis that part of the mind in which are situated the
instinctual drives which require instant gratification and
satisfaction.
Thesuper-egois that part which contains the conscience,
namely, socially-acquired control mechanisms which have been
internalized, and which are usually imparted in the first instance
by the parents.
Theegois the conscious self that is created by the dynamic
tensions and interactions between theidand thesuper-egoand
has the task of reconciling their conflicting demands with the
requirements of external reality.

Interpretation of Dreams

Dreams as wish fulfillment:

Freud (1900/1961) claimed that dreams
were attempts to fulfill wishes, arising
during sleep, derived from libidinal
urges.
He based this claim on findings from a
purely subjective method: he collected
dreamers associations to the individual
elements of their dreams and then
inferred implicit, underlying themes from
the converging semantic and affective
links.

The
house was on
Houses can host many
fire!
common dream
symbols, but seeing the
building as a whole
represents your inner
psyche.
Each room or floor can
symbolize something
such as different
emotions, memories,
interpretations of
meaningful events or
even bodily sensations!
Houses tell us
something about our
inner self!

Carl Gustav Jung (1871 1965)

Jung was chosen by Freud to succeed him in his psychoanalytic

empire! However Jung disagreed with Freud on several issues:
Dream interpretation
The scope and extension of the unconsious
The significance of sex and sexuality in a persons life
The Rational vs Spiritual debate
Jung was eventually expelled from Freuds circle and formed
his own branch of psychoanalysis called Analytic Psychology

The Collective
Unconscious
Freud had assumed the unconscious to be a personal thing contained
within an individual. Jung, on the other hand, saw the personal
unconscious mind as sitting atop a much deeper universal layer of
consciousness, the collective unconscious the inherited part of the
human psyche not developed from personal experience.

PRIMORDIAL IMAGES

Archetypes
I have often been asked where the archetypes or primordial
images come from. It seems to me that their origins can only be
explained from assuming them to be deposits of the constantly
repeated experiences of humanity