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Definition
World Health Organization (WHO) defines drug
information centre as an independent centre that is
accessible to any healthcare professional to ask all
questions about drug therapy
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Introduction
There are three physical criteria, which define an
information centre:
Introduction
A strategic plan should be developed when establishing a
drug information centre
Introduction
Establishment of a drug information centre needs the
consideration of:
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Philosophical commitment
Drug information centers should work both in
reactive and proactive ways
The reactive or passive responsibilities of the centers include
providing the information to the individuals who approach
the centre
Proactive responsibilities include reaching out with drug
information for the people who need it, in a format that is
convenient and effective
The centers should work according to the needs and
expectations of its users and should create demand and
expectations
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Space allocation
An independent area must be set aside for the drug
information services
It may depend upon the size of the centre and the number of
queries received by the centre
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Number(s)
Chair
10
Desk
Filing systems/cabinet
Notice board
Teaching board
Photocopier* (with facility to produce multiple collated copies, capable of copying bound volumes,
capable of photocopying overhead transparencies, facility to reduce and enlarge)
Computer (compatible with the database requirements, with printing facility, appropriate
software programs, internet access with separate telephone lines)
Calculator or computer program (with facility for pharmacokinetic calculations and basic
statistical functions)
Overhead projector
Fax machine
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1
1
Financial issues
The source of finance depends on the objectives and
operational modalities
Ideally funding may be sought from governmental
authorities [as DI is public service]
Other sources
--donors supporting essential drugs projects
-- professional associations,
-- universities/pharmacy and medical institutions
-- non-governmental organizations
Collation of several of these groups can also fund the drug
information centers
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Financial issues
No matter how the drug information centre is financed, the
integrity of the unit is paramount
No special interests should be able to influence what
information is or is not given out
Drug information centre should devote suitable amount for both
human resources and non human resources
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Set up costs*
(Rs)
(First year)
Running costs*
(Rs)
(Subsequent years)
180,000=00
180,000=00
Journals
50,000=00
50,000=00
Books
200,000=00
50,000=00
Databases
300,000=00
300,000=00
200,000=00
Nil
30,000=00
30,000=00
20,000=00
15,000=00
Stationary
15,000=00
15,000=00
10,000=00
10,000=00
Photocopying costs
5,000=00
5,000=00
Item
Total
10,10, 000=00
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6, 55, 000=00
Staff
The DI centre should have a multidisciplinary team
Ideally the number of personnel should be related to call
volume
In case of hospital based drug information centre, the number
depends on beds strength
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Staff
Number of full time equivalent pharmacists and other staff required for
operating a drug information centre (minimum required)
No. of beds in
the hospital
200 - 500
Assistant / clerical
staff
3-4
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Staff
Basic requirements for drug information pharmacists
-- Registered pharmacist
-- Training in computer based information systems
-- Two years of experience in DI services
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Staff
Basic requirements for drug information pharmacists
written
and
telephone
Organization
The drug information services should have an organization
that should involve in the preparation of
Organization
The policy and procedure prepared by the organization
should answer the following questions:
Organization
The guidelines and policies prepared by the centre should
serve as:
error
Resources
The drug information centre must well equipped with
current information resources based on services
provided
The source of information may include primary,
secondary and tertiary resources
The collection of resources must represent variety of
pharmaceutical and therapeutic literature available and
must be adequate to ensure timely response to the
enquiries
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Resources
The drug information centre should have:
Tertiary sources
(minimum requirements)
Title
Standard references and textbooks
AHFS Drug Information. Mc Evoy GK, ed.
Australian Medicine Handbook
Averys Drug Treatment. Speigth TM, ed.
Basic skills in interpreting the laboratory data illustrated with
case studies. Traub SL, ed
Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. Tierney LM, ed.
Davidsons principles and practice of medicine. Haslett C, ed.
Drug Information Handbook. Lacy C.
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. Briggs GG.
Drug Interactions. Stockley IH.
Drug Interaction and updates. Hansten PD.
Drug Interaction facts. Tatro DS, ed.
Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure: Dosing Guidelines for
Adults. Aronoff GR.
Ellenhorns Medical Toxicology.www.revolutionpharmd.com
Ellenhorn MJ.
Requirement
E
D
E
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Tertiary sources
(minimum requirements)
Formulary manuals
British National Formulary
Indian Pharmacopoeia
British Pharmacopoeia
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Tertiary sources
(minimum requirements)
Standard treatment manuals
Essential Drug List
Periodicals
Current Index for Medical Specialties
Drug Index
Drug Today
E
Medical Dictionaries
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Tertiary sources
(minimum requirements)
Drug bulletins and newsletters
Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Bulletin
Uppsala Reports
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Secondary sources
(minimum requirements)
Title
Requirements
Medline
Chemical Abstracts
Drugdex
Poisindex
E
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Primary sources
(minimum requirements)
Title
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
Journal of American Medical Association
British Medical journal
Drugs
Drugs and Therapeutics Bulletin
Lancet
Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics
New England Journal of Medicine
Australian Prescriber
Pharmaceutical Journal
Hospital Pharmacist
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
Indian Journal of Clinical Practice
Journal of Association of Physicians of India
National Medical Journal of India
Indian Journal of Medical Sciences
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Drugs safety
Requirement
EA
EA
EA
D
EA
EA
EA
EA
EA
E
E
D
D
D
E
E
EA
Operational Procedures
A. Services to be offered
For example:
Oncology services
Pregnancy lactation services
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Operational Procedures
A. Services to be offered
A. Services to be offered
Operational Procedures
A. Services to be offered
Developing methods of changing patient and healthcare provider behaviors to support optimal
medication use
Educating health-care providers about medication
related policies and procedures
Publishing newsletters to educate patients, families,
and health-care professionals on medication use
Coordinating program to support population-based
medication practices
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Operational Procedures
A. Services to be offered
Operational Procedures
A. Services to be offered
Operational Procedures
B. Enquiry response
Operational Procedures
C. Hours of Service
Operational Procedures
D. Fee for Service
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Documentation
Documentation is one of the essential elements in the
practice of drug information service in terms of both
legal and future reference purpose
should maintain the documentation of drug
information queries received and the responses
provided
All the documented enquiries should be stored for a
minimum of 5 years and may be for the longer
period (25 years) for the queries related to pregnancy
and lactation
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Documentation
The documentation of the drug information requests and
responses should include the following:
Documentation
The documentation of the drug information requests and
responses should include the following:
Documentation
The documentation of the drug information requests and
responses should include the following:
Documentation
The documentation of the drug information requests and
responses should include the following:
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Quality assurance
The aims of the drug information centre need to be
met and this can be assessed by the application of
quality assurance program
The drug information centre should measure how
well the services were provided, and if the services
were not found to be acceptable or optimal, centre
should undertake some correctional measures to
ensure that future services will be acceptable
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Quality assurance
General assessment techniques that can be used for the
quality assurance of DI services
Workload statistics
Auditing
Peer review
Enquirers assessment/Users survey
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Quality
assurance
Key areas of drug information where in the quality should be monitored
Inputs level
Staff
Resources
Organization
Processes level
Receiving enquiries
Search strategy
Data collection
Literature evaluation
Formulation and communication of response
Documentation and storage
Outputs level
User satisfaction
Patient outcome
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publications
Quality assurance
A quality assurance program for a drug information centre
should involve the following steps:
Quality assurance
A quality assurance program for a drug information centre
should involve the following steps:
Quality assurance
A quality assurance program for a drug information centre
should involve the following steps:
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Quality assurance
A quality assurance program for a drug information centre
should involve the following steps:
Conclusion
Adequate infrastructures with well-qualified and
trained staff are must for the effective functioning of
any drug information centres
Pharmacists as "medication managers" can not only
play a vital role in the patient management but may
also find suitable place in the healthcare system by
developing and maintaining image and credibility
through effective provision of drug information
services
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