SLIP FORM

CONSTRUCTION
ADVANCED BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
SUBMITTED TO :
AR. ANUBHAV MITTAL

SUBMITTED BY :
KOMAL KHATRI
B.ARCH. IV YR. VII SEM.

INTRODUCTION

It is a method of vertically extruding a reinforced concrete

section and is suitable for construction of core walls in
high-rise structures lift shafts, stair shafts, towers, etc.
It is a self-contained formwork system and can require
little crane time during construction.
This is a formwork system which can be used to form any
regular shape or core.
The formwork rises continuously, at a rate of about
300mm per hour, supporting itself on the core and not
relying on support or access from other parts of the
building or permanent works.
Commonly, the formwork has three platforms.
The upper platform acts as a storage and distribution area
while the middle platform, which is the main working
platform, is at the top of the poured concrete level.
The lower platform provides access for concrete finishing.

ADVANTAGES
Careful planning of construction process can achieve
high production rates
Slip form does not require the crane to move upwards,
minimising crane use.
Since the formwork operates independently, formation
of the core is in advance of the rest of the structure
takes it off the critical path enhancing main structure
stability.
Availability of the different working platforms in the
formwork system allows the exposed concrete at the
bottom of the rising formwork to be finished, making it
an integral part of the construction process.
Certain formwork systems permit construction of
tapered cores and towers.
It requires a small workforce.

HISTORY
The slip forming technique was in use by the early20th
century for building silos and grain elevators.
James MacDonald, of MacDonald Engineering of Chicago
was the pioneer in utilizing slip form concrete for
construction.
His concept of placing circular bins in clusters was
patented, with photographs and illustrations, contained
in a 1907 book, The Design Of Walls, Bins, And Grain
Elevators.
The technique was introduced to residential and
commercial buildings in the late 1960s.
One of its first uses in high-rise buildings the United
States was on the shear wall supported apartment
building at Turk & Eddy Streets in San Francisco, CA, in
1962, built by the San Francisco office of MacDonald
Engineering.
The first notable use of the method in a residential/retail
business was the Skylon Tower in Niagara Falls, Ontario,
which was completed in 1965.

DISADVANTAGES
More economical for buildings more than seven storeys
high.
Little flexibility for change once continuous concreting
has begun therefore extensive planning and special
detailing are needed.
Setting rate of the concrete had to be constantly
monitored to ensure that it is matched with the speed at
which the forms are raised.
The structure being slip formed should have significant
dimensions in both major axes to ensure stability of the
system.
Standby plant and equipment should be available though
cold jointing may occasionally be necessary.
Skilled workforce required

VERTICAL SLIP FORM

A slip form consists of a framework of horizontal walings and

vertical yokes.
The slip form panels are connected to each other on inside of
the walings.
Each side of slip form is connected to vertical yokes that keep
panels in position.
The jacks for lifting of form are installed on horizontal
crossbeam between yokes.
When slip form is lifted, all the jacks are activated
simultaneously.
Hydraulic driven jack is most commonly used.
The slip form panel is normally between 1.1 and 1.3 meters
high and made up of steel plates.

HORIZONTAL SLIP FORM

In horizontal slip forming for pavement and traffic separation

walls, concrete is cast, vibrated, worked, and settled in place
while the form itself slowly moves ahead.
This method was initially devised and utilized in Interstate
Highway construction initiated during the 1950s.

SAFETY MEASURES

Working platforms, guard rails, ladders and wind shields are

normally built into the completed system.
Less congested construction site due to minimal scaffolding and
temporary works.
Completed formwork assembly is robust.
Strength of concrete in the wall below must be closely
controlled to achieve stability during operation.
Site operatives can quickly become familiar with health and
safety aspects of their job

TYPES OF
SLIP FORM

SLIP FORM TECHNIQUES

VERTICAL SLIP FORMING PRINCIPLE

The slipform panels normally have an inclination in

vertical plane in order to make panel self-clearing in
relation to concrete wall.
The inclination depends on stiffness of the slipform
panel and concrete pressure.

VERTICAL SLIP FORM COMPONENTS

Yoke Legs : Yoke legs are used to lift the slip form
structure as one integral unit, transfer lifting reactions
to jacks and acts as the main connecting member for
walkway platforms, masons scaffold, yoke beams, top
platforms, etc.
Walkway Bracket(Inside and Outside) Inside and
outside brackets are connected with the respective
yoke legs with the help of a pin for easy erection and
dismantling along with a pipe strut to support
cantilever portion to facilitate placing of concrete,
placing of reinforcement, vibration, fixing inserts, block
outs, pockets, etc.

Shutters and Walers :The function of shutters

and waler assemblies is to maintain correct profile
of structure to be slip formed and resist concreting
pressure.
Lifting Jacks :Lifting jacks facilitate lifting of Slip
form assembly. Jacks are to be suitably located
preferably at equal intervals to enable to lift
slipform as one integral unit. Capacity of jacks is
decided depending upon the reactions at point of
lifting.
Jacking/Climbing RodsJacking rods are normally
located centrally in the wall to be cast or at equal
distance in yoke beams depending upon the
number of jacks. The jacking rods are generally of
48mm, 32mm, or 25mm in diameter based upon
the capacity of jacks. The lifting jack climbs over
the jack rod. The entire load of the Slip form
assembly is transferred to jacking rods when jacks
are energized.
Hydraulic PumpHydraulic pumps are provided to
circulate required quantity of hydraulic oil at
desired pressure for energizing jacks to lift the
assembly and facilitate its uniform lifting.
Tapered SleeveTapered sleeve tubes are
provided to prevent fresh concrete coming in
contact with jack rods, thus, facilitates extraction
of jack rods later. Taper sleeves are attached to
yoke beam and move along with slip form and
create a hole in concrete around jack rod.
Yoke Beams :Yoke is main connecting member
between inside and outside yoke legs. Two yoke

SLIP FORM TECHNIQUES

VERTICAL SLIP FORM COMPONENTS

Waler Shoe :Two waler shoes are provided on each of

inside and outside yoke legs. Waler shoes are
connected to yoke legs and waler pipes with the help
of full threaded bolts. The functions of waler shoe are
to adjust inclination of the shutter, adjusting the
inclination of yokes and transfer reactions from waler
pipes to yoke legs.
Central Ring and Tie Rod Assembly :Central ring
and tie rod assembly is provided to retain shape of
structure to be slip formed. Central ring and flying tie
rod assembly moves along with slip form.
Tapered Cross Section : Adjustments are made for
inclination of wall, radius and wall thickness if structure
under construction has tapered cross section. For
inclination of wall, the yoke legs are positioned in such
SLIP FORM PAVING TECHNIQUE
a way that thickness of wall at top and bottom varies.
Slip form paving is defined as process used to
consolidate, form into geometric shape finish a Plain
Cement Concrete (PCC) mass by pulling the forms
continuously through and surrounding plastic concrete
mass.
Slip form paving is most appropriate for larger jobs that
require high production rates.
Slip form paving is most appropriate for larger projects
that require high production rates.

ADVANTAGES OF SLIP FORM PAVING

TECHNIQUES

Uses Low-Slump PCC :Low slump PCC of the order of

0-75 mm is necessary so that the fresh PCC is able to
hold its shape once the slip form paver has passed. Low
slump PCC is made with less water and usually has
higher compression and flexural strengths than

High Productivity :Large jobs generally require high

production rates in order to be profitable. Slip form
paving production rates are typically in the range of 65 100 m3/hr for mainline paving which translates into
between 70 - 90 m/hr of 3.66 m wide, 250 mm thick PCC
surface course.
Smooth Riding Surface : SurfaceAutomation and
computer control allow slipform pavers to produce very
smooth riding surfaces of the order of 0.90 m / km or
less.

EQUIPMENT FOR SLIP FORM PAVING

Batching and Mixing :The batching plant is required to

conform to specifications of relevant Bureau of Indian
Standard or National Ready Mixed Concrete Association
(NRMCA, 2002) or American Society of Testing and
Materials (ASTM, 2004a).
Transporting Equipment :Transporting equipment is in
conformance with relevant Bureau of Indian Standard or
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM, 2004).
Concrete is transported to the paving site in rear-dump
trucks, in truck mixers designed with extra large blading
and rear opening specifically for low slump concrete.
Delivery Equipment :As concrete transport equipment
cannot operate on the paving lane, side-delivery
transport equipment consisting of self propelled moving
conveyors is used to deliver concrete from the transport
equipment and discharge it in front of the paver.
Slip form Paver- Finisher : Automatically controlled
and crawler mounted with padded tracks slip form paver
finisher is required. Horizontal alignment is electronically
referenced to a taut wire guideline. Vertical alignment is
electronically referenced on both sides of paver to a taut
wire guideline or to an approved laser control system.

EXAMPLES

Another unusual structure was the tapered buttress structures for the Sheraton Waikiki Hotel
in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1969.
Another shear wall supported structure was the Casa Del Mar Condominium on Key Biscayne,
Miami,FLin1970.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.brighthubengineering.com/building-construction-design/123381-a-non-stop-me
thod-for-building-concrete-structures
/)

http://www.nbmcw.com/reports/equipment-machinery/512-slipformtechniques-for-accelerated-construction.html