Beruflich Dokumente
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ARCHITECTURE
Dome
Pylons
4 Centered Arch
Accentuated
entrances
ATALA MASJID
The Atala Masjid stands on the site of a Hindu temple of
Atala Devi. It was built in 1408 by Sultan Ibrahim (14011440
A large number of its pillars, brackets, lintels and flat
ceilings were extracted from Hindu monuments.
The mosque complex consists of a long rectangular
prayer hall that opens onto a large square courtyard to the
west.
The courtyard is enveloped by a two-story veranda on
the exterior that are used by merchants and visitors.
It is entered from three domed gates facing north, east
and west.
The screened upper story was most likely reserved for
women.
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ATALA MASJID
The mosque occupies the western side of the
courtyard its facade is marked by an imposing
central portal, close to twenty-three meters tall,
flanked by secondary portals.
Its plan is centered around a tall domed
sanctuary behind the central portal, with two
long three- bay deep galleries to the north and
south.
The dome of the main sanctuary is carried on
squinches. Although it is raised on an octagonal
drum, it is still not visible from the courtyard due
to the imposing height of The entry, a distinctive
element of Jaunpuri architecture.
Central
Portal
Secondary
Portal
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ATALA MASJID
Inside the sanctuary is stone mihrab niche with a
ribbed semi-dome, flanked by the stone minbar.
The decoration consists mainly of carved floral
patterns.
The gallery wings have two-floors and are
centered around domed rooms with a mihrab and
courtyard entrance.
Their flat ceilings are supported on twin columns
and beams resting on brackets.
The three domed rooms of the prayer hall project
beyond the qibla wall, with tapering turrets
bracing their corners in the manner of Delhi's
Tughluqid architecture.
Dome on
Octagonal Drum
Tapering Turrets
Vaulted Roof
Pylon
Arcaded Wing
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MALWA
Malwa province experienced the Indo-Islamic
architecture in the late medieval period with the
invasion of Muslim invaders. This province which
included the cities of Dhar and Mandu also
experienced a large number of Islamic architectures
during the Muslim dynasty. Initially they constructed
new buildings on the ruins of Hindu and Jain temple
materials. Gradually they developed their own style in
building art of Islamic culture.
Main examples of the style are found in the cities of
Dhar and Mandu
Malwa was influenced more by the early Tughlaq
style from Delhi This was due to the lack of
significant local traditions in Malwa and hostile
relations with neighboring Gujarat.
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SALIENT FEATURES
Battered walls
Pointed arches with spear head.
Combination of Arch, Lintel and Bracket
Boat keel domes
Most artistic combination of arches with pillar and
beam
Buildings are raised on high plinths, accessed by
long and stately flight of steps
Prominent use of color in decoration
Use of different colored marble, semi-precious
stones and glazed tiles.
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MALWA
The cities of Dhar and Mandu of the Malwa province provide examples of distinct
architectural elements in the form of polychromatic ornamentation of buildings, which was
obtained by the use of coloured stones and marble as well as by means of encaustic tiles.
The earliest buildings of this period are the Kamal Maula Masjid (1400) and the Lat
Masjid (1405) at Dhar and the Dilawar Khan Masjid (1405) and the Malik Mughis mosque
(1452) at Mandu.
The architectural activity took a new turn with the establishment of the capital at Mandu,
especially under the rule of Hoshang Shah (1405-1435).
Important buildings in Mandu are the Jahaz Mahal (a 120 meter long ship palace built by
Sultan Ghiyas-ud-din-Khilji between two artificial lakes Munj Talao and Kapur Talao).
Taveli Mahal with two wells called Ujali and Andheri Baoli, Hindola Mahal, Dilawar
Khan's Mosque, Hoshang Shahs Tomb, Ashrafi Mahal and the Jami Masjid built by
Mahmud Shah Khilii I.
The city also has several gateways like the Delhi Darwaza, the Alamgir and Bhangi
Darwaza, Rampol Darwaza, Jehangir Gate and Tarapur Gate.
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Courtyard
The Prayer
Hall
Entrance
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Central Arch
Basin
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PROVINCES
Architectural constructions
were influenced from the
regional culture and thus
became the amalgamation of
Turkish culture (as they belong
from the Turkish origin) with
that of Indian culture. The
main features of the building
art of Bijapur were dome,
which, in buildings of average
proportions.
They were almost spherical
in shape, and rises out of a
band of conventional petals at
its base.
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PROVINCES
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Foliation
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GOL GUMBAZ
Gol Gumbaz is one of the biggest single chamber structures
in the world.
The central dome is the second largest in the world (the
largest being the dome of St Peter s Basilica in Rome)
measuring at 38 meters in diameter and covering an area of
1700 sq m with 51 meters in height.
The structure is composed of a cube, 47.5 metres (156 ft) on
each side, capped by a dome of 44 m (144 ft) in external
diameter.
The walls are 3 m thick and 30.5 m in height.
The measurement from the interior is 41m on each side.
At each of the four corners of the cube, is a dome-capped
octagonal tower seven stories high with a staircase inside.
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GOL GUMBAZ
The upper floor of each opens on to a round gallery which
surrounds the dome.
A small annex to the north side might have been intended as a
resting- place for his mother, but it is a later, unfinished addition.
The walls are 3 m thick.
Eight intersecting arches created by two rotated squares that
create interlocking pendentives support the dome.
The eight high pointed arches bisect in the interior of the cube at
regular intervals.
There are six openings at its base. The low drum below the dome
is encircled by a foliated band.
Inside the mausoleum hall, is a square podium with steps on each
side.
In the middle of the podium, a cenotaph slab on the ground marks
the actual grave below.
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GOL GUMBAZ
The real graves are in the basement, which can be accessed by a staircase below the entrance
on the west.
The south door is the main entrance to the tomb.
A very strong circular foundation was discovered in the basement that resembled the circular
opening of the dome above, But this foundation supports only a platform and a light wooden
pavilion.
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GOL GUMBAZ
The real graves are in the basement, which can be
accessed by a staircase below the entrance on the
west.
The south door is the main entrance to the tomb.
A very strong circular foundation was discovered
in the basement that resembled the circular opening
of the dome above, But this foundation supports
only a platform and a light wooden pavilion.
The use of groined compartments or pendentives,
which counteract the outer thrust of the dome.
They have a large central arch, above which is a
cornice of grey basalt and a row of small arches
carrying a second line of plain work crowned by a
balustrade 6 feet high.
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GOL GUMBAZ
Dome with intersecting arches from the inside
Inside, at the base of the dome is the Whispering
Gallery, where even minute sounds can be heard clearly
37 metres away.
A particular attraction in this monument is the central
chamber, where every sound is echoed seven times.
The base of the monumental dome is carved with
beautiful petals that cover the drum.
Horizontal courses of brick have been used in the
construction of the dome which has a flat section at its
crown. It has been cemented with lime and has a total of
six openings at the base.
It is in the eighth storey is a broad gallery around the
dome which hangs out at around 11 feet. It can be
reached by means of staircase in the four towers.
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GOL GUMBAZ
The cornice and parapet of the building is the most
distinct characteristic of the facade. The cornice rests on
highly carved stone corbels that project to about 3 m
from the wall.
The cornice supports the parapet, which has a row of
arched openings and leaf-shaped walls.
On the exterior side of the structure there are three
great blind arches.
The central arch is the widest of all and is decorated
with wooden panels (chajia ) and has a small rectangular
entrance and three rows of windows with arches.
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MIHTAR MAHALL
Constructed in 1620 during the reign of Ibrahim Adil
Shah II, This building was famous for the character of
Rauza.
The exterior of this building is a wonderful
conception; its facade consists of two slender buttresses
rising up into elegant turrets,
Window has a projected balcony on brackets and
shaded by an expansive eave.
Pointed arches, with the arrangements of flat
panelling, elaborations to the buttresses, as well as
string-courses and mouldings.
All these are decorated wonderfully, exceptionally
well rendered, and each contributing to the artistic
appearance of the whole.
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GOL GUMBAZ
Though modestly sized, Mehtar Mahal dated to 1620
is one of the most elegant structures in the fort Mehtar
mosque is a three-storey building.
It has two slender minarets that are covered with
delicately carved birds and rows of swans.
The carvings are in Hindu architectural style, in the
form of brackets supporting the balconies and stone
trellis work.
The building has a flat roof and minarets have rounded
top.
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