Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Lecture by :
Ir. Dewi Tristantini MT. PhD.
University of Indonesia
Definition
Materials Balance analysis (MB) is a
systematic reconstruction of the way
in which a chemical element, a
compound or material passes through
a natural cycle and/or its economical
benefits. An analysis of the material
flow, usually is based on the origin of a
physical balance.
German investigation Committe, 1993
Uses
day to day operation of process for
monitoring operating efficiency
Making calculations for design and
development of a process i.e.
quantities required, sizing
equipment, number of items of
equipment
Basic Knowledge
BASIS
The basis is the reference chosen for the
calculations in any particular problems. A
proper choice of basis frequently makes
the problem much easier to solve.
For selecting a suitable basis, ask
yourself the following questions:
1. What do I have to start with?
2. What answer is called for?
3. What is the most convinient basis to
use?
Basic Knowledge
CHEMICAL EQUATION AND STOICHIMETRY
Chemical
equation
provides
both
qualitative and quantitative information
essential for the calculation of the
combining moles of materials involved in
a chemical process.
Stoichiometry: quantitative relation ship
between reactants and products.
Stoichiometric ratios: ratios obtained
from the numerical coefficients in the
chemical equation.
Basic Knowledge
CHEMICAL EQUATION AND STOICHIMETRY
Chemical
equation
provides
both
qualitative and quantitative information
essential for the calculation of the
combining moles of materials involved in
a chemical process.
Stoichiometry: quantitative relationship
between reactants and products.
Stoichiometryc ratios: ratios obtained
from the numerical coefficients in the
chemical equation.
Basic Knowledge
Basic Knowledge
Example
Solution
Solution
Solution
Material Balance
Conservation mass principle is used because it indicates
that:
Input Material = Output Material
whereas :
time
Flow diagram
Graphic interpretation of the materials flows.
It shows volumes, proportions, ecological
relevance among other characteristics.
Indicate the sequence or steps of the
productive process.
Raw material
Energy
Auxiliary materials
Unit
Operation
Product
(expected)
byproduct
(usable)
Waste
Waste easily
assimilated by
the
environment
Inert waste
always available
toxic/dangerous
waste
Gaseous emissions
Catalyst
Plant, Process
or Unit
Operation
Air/Water
Energy
Recycle
Products
By-products
Wastewater
Liquid waste
Solid waste
Mass balance
filtration/centrifuge
wash water/solvent
solid
feed suspension
waste
water
filtrate
Filtration
5000 kg DM water
F1
Impurity 55 kg
Water 2600 kg
API 450 kg
Water 300
kg
API 448 kg
Impurity 5
Water 7300 kg
kg
Impurity 50 kg
API 2kg
product
feed
water/evaporated solvent
+ dried material
Mass balance
extraction/phase split
A+B
A+B
S+B
Multiple units
W2
F1
P3
R4
Process description
Flowsheet
Label
Assign algebraic symbols to unknowns
(compositions, concentrations, quantities)
5. Select basis
6. Write mass balance equations (overall,
total, component, unit)
7. Solve equations for unknowns
Problems
PROBLEMS
1.
A cereal product containing 55% water is made at the rate
of 500 kg/hr. You need to dry the product so that it contains
only 30% water. How much water has to be evaporated per
hour?
2.
3.