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Worlds Estimated
Water Supply
LOCATION
VOLUME
(cubic miles)
SURFACE WATER
PERCENTAGE OF
TOTAL WATER
55,300
0.0171%
30,000
0.009 %
Inland Seas
25,000
0.008 %
300
0.0001 %
SUB-SURFACE WATER
2,016,000
0.625 %
16,000
0.005 %
1,000,000
0.31
1,000,000
0.31
324,003,100
7,000,000
3,100
317,000,000
99.351 %
2.15
0.001 %
97.2
Philippines
Annual Rainfall
Total Area
Watershed Areas
Water Supply
(dependable)
Surface run-off
Mean supply
Dependable supply
Ground Water
Safe supply
=
=
=
=
2,400 mm
30 Million Hectares
21 Million Hectares
975 MCM/day
=
=
1,314 MCM/day
833 MCM/day
142 MCM/day
Water Demand
=
310 MCM/day
Irrigation
= 86 % = 266.6 MCM/day (1.9 Mil. Ha)
Industry
= 8% =
24.8 MCM/day
18.6 MCM/day
Domestic Use
= 6% =
Projected increase in water demand = 8 % per year
Source :
Presidential Task Force on Water Resources Development and Management Official News Letter
(Water Watch), June 1997
WATERSHED
WATERSHED
DEFINITION
A
land
area
drained by a stream or
any fixed body of
water
and
its
tributaries having a
common outlet for
surface run-off (PD
705).
COMPONENTS
1. topographic divide
2. drainage area
3. fixed body of water
4. Common outlet for
surface run-off
What is a Watershed?
Topographically delineated area that collects
rainwater and drained by a river
DEFINITION
WATERSHED
Top View
sapa o suba
Gidak-on (hektarya)
bungtod nga nakapalibot
Isa ang gawsanan sa tubig
ulan
WATERSHED
Cross Section
bungtod / boundary
sapa o suba
ulan
kalat sa salug sa
kalasangan
Canopy
pag-tuhop sa tubig
sa yuta
pag-tiglom sa tubig
sa ilawom yuta
dagayday sa ibabaw
E
L
B
TA
R
E
T
WA
dagayday sa ilawom
TUBOD o SPRING
ulan
TING-ULAN
dagayday sa ibabaw
sa yuta
walay tubig ang
water table
baha !!!
TING-INIT
Canopy
A simple illustration of how forests help minimize (not prevent) floods and soil erosion
Dagayday sa ibabaw
= 2% sa ulan
Dagayday sa ibabaw
= 14% sa ulan
Dagayday sa ibabaw
= 75% sa ulan
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Definition
guiding and
organizing land
and other
resource use in
a watershed
process
Desired goods
and services
A Unique Resource
Every organism, individual, and
ecosystem on the planet depends on
water for survival.
Water impacts all aspects of life on the
planet
Poor water management and water
shortages can lead to disease,
malnutrition, reduced economic growth,
social instability, conflict, and
environmental disaster
Onsite Impacts
Loss of biodiversity
Reduced Infiltration
Soil Erosion
Loss of productivity
Poverty
Offsite Impacts
Siltation
Water Pollution
Unreliable Stream flow
Floods
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
BASIC OBJECTIVES
1. Regulate streamflow in order to maintain
adequate quantity and quality of water supply
2. Uplift standard of living of communities
dependent on watershed resources
3. Preserve the biodiversity within the watershed
4. Watershed resources conservation
Civil Reservations
(0.17 M ha = 0.55%)
Certified Alienable and Disposable
(14.12 M ha = 47.06% )
Mangrove
(0.11 M ha = 0.40%)
Brushland
(2.23 M ha = 7.43 %)
Non-forest (22.38 M ha = 74.58%)
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Holistic and integrated approach and multiple use
management;
Multi-sectoral and interdisciplinary planning;
Sustainable management and development;
Ecological Sustainability
Social and Cultural Acceptability
Economic Sustainability
Institutional Sustainability
Participatory and equitable watershed management
and development; and
Efficient use of resources.
Strategies:
.
INTEGRATED
WATER
RESOURCES
Coastal
URBAN
MANAGEMENT
ecosystem
ecosystem
zoneMODEL INzone
THE
PHILIPPINES:
FOREST
ECOSYSTEM
ZONE
UPLAND
ECOSYSTEM
ZONE`
THE
TIGUMAGANAN
RIVER
Social mobilization
Land uses and land use management
BASIN
Integrated and interactive governance
Capaciybuildngand Institutional support
partnership
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Bases
Forests
Grasslands
Lakes and Rivers
Agroecosystems
Mangroves
Guiding Principles
Bases
Upland
resources and
stakeholders
Lowland resources
and stakeholders
Coastal resources
and stakeholders
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
Prevention
Policy
Corrective
HUMAN INTERFERENCE AS
THE MAIN CAUSE OF EROSION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Road cuts
Improper disposal of mining waste
Improper drainage
63.4 %
15.8 %
7.9 %
6.3 %
5.6 %
1.0 %
PREVENTIVE MEASURE
AGAINST EROSION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Education campaign
Fire prevention and control
Proper land use - Land Classification Law provides that:
- only land with gradient below 18 % can be released as Alienable and
Disposable (A&D)
- 18 % in slope and over shall be classified as Timberland/Forestland regardless
of the condition of the vegetative cover
- On suitable lands up to a maximum gradient of 50 %, Pasture Leases or
Permits can be granted
- Lands with gradient of over 50 % can only be utilized for forestry purposes
Proper range management
- Prescribed burning
- Pasture rotation
- Pasture improvement
Restriction on kaingin making
Restriction of logging in critical areas
Proper road construction and maintenance
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Can-asujan Watershed
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Can-asujan Watershed
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
MAJOR POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
MAJOR POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
proclaimed
watershed
reservations
are
considered initial components of the system
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
MAJOR POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO 99-1
-
40
CONCLUSION
Watershed management remains to be a
complex and challenging task. The importance of
watershed resources in meeting the economic needs
and environmental requirements of the country
dictates the need for their effective and efficient
management. The task that lies ahead requires the
continuing commitment on the part of government
and the strong support of all stakeholders and other
concerned sectors of society.
Daghang Salamat