Importance of Animal

Products in the Human Diet

Whats animal agricultures

contribution?
Economy
Growing populations
Nutrition

Why does studying animal agriculture

matter?

A growing global population

expected to reach 9.6 billion by
2050.

Why does studying animal agriculture

matter?

Aquaculture: $1.37 Billion

Beef: $185 Billion

Dairy: $84 Billion

Pork: $23.4 Billion

Sheep and Goat: $939.7 Million

Life without animal proteins.

Sarcopenia

http://sage.buckinstitute.org/interview-with-dr-blakerasmussen-the-role-of-mtorc1-signaling-in-humansarcopenia/

Kwashiorkor

https://mchinmedicaljournal.wordpress.com/tag/kw
ashiorkor/

DAILY PROTEIN FOODS TABLE

DAILY RECOMMENDATION*
Children

2-3 years old

4-8 years old

2 ounce equivalents
4ounce equivalents

Girls

9-13 years old

14-18 years old

5ounce equivalents
5ounce equivalents

Boys

9-13 years old

14-18 years old

5ounce equivalents
6 ounce equivalents

Women

19-30 years old

31-50 years old
51+ years old

5 ounce equivalents
5ounce equivalents
5ounce equivalents

Men

19-30 years old

31-50 years old
51+ years old

6 ounce equivalents
6ounce equivalents
5 ounce equivalents

https://www.choosemyplate.gov/protein-foods

Amino Acids-

the building blocks to all

biological functions throughout the body
Histidine (His)
Lysine (Lys)
(Phe) Threonine (Thr)
Arginine (Arg)

Isoleucine (Ile)

Leucine (Leu)

Methionine (Met)

Phenylalanine

Tryptophan (Trp)
Cysteine (Cys)

Valine (Val)
Glutamine (Gln)

Glycine (Gly)

Proline (Pro)

Serine (Ser)

Tyrosine (Try)

Alanine (Ala)

Asparagine (Asn)

Aspartic Acid (Asp) Glutamic Acid (Glu)

(Sec)

Selenocysteine

Plasma amino acid concentration of rats

fed meat or soy protein diets.
mol/L
Total
EAA
NEAA
Met
Val
Lys
Arg
Thr
Phe
Pro
Ser
Gly
Asp
Ile
Leu
His
Cys
Glu
Ala
Tyr

Soy
3105.2 302.3
1505.2 109.9
1600.0 208.0
33.5 9.2
126.2 23.0
492.2 14.6
163.3 51.2
399.7 52.3
46.7 13.4
345.9 84.2
381.3 62.5
313.0 82.6
8.8 5.5
71.7 18.2
99.8 7.8
72.0 6.7
7.8 4.3
87.6 18.1
387.9 74.4
67.8 28.7

Meat
3598.3 666.4
1976.0 406.7
1622.4 309.5
59.0 14.2
157.8 31.3
662.9 166.2
136.6 29.0
628.6 155.1
62.7 17.8
363.2 71.7
308.4 64.0
349.1 79.5
15.2 5.8
80.3 18.2
116.0 26.7
72.4 12.9
7.5 5.6
100.4 29.3
409.5 102.5
74.9 17.2
Adapted from Song et al., 2016

Saturated Fatty Acids

Commonly found in animal sources (meat, butter, etc.).

Associated with heart disease.

Not required in the diet.

High energy associated with hydrocarbon bonds.

http://katherineau.com/wp/index.php/2015/08/26/all-about-fatand-the-saturated-fat-controversy/

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Omega-3 Fatty Acid:
- Increases cognitive function.
- Reduces chances of cancers & heart diseases.
- Reduces inflammation.

http://www.behealthandfit.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/09/Omega-3-Fatty-Acids.jpg

- Aides in growth and development.

- Includes eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), & -linolenic
acid.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Omega-6 Fatty Acid:
- Regulates metabolism and hormones.
- Can aide in inflammation in moderate amounts.
- Important for reproductive health.

http://www.isagenixhealth.net/wpcontent/uploads/2011/03/iStock_0000112607
57XSmall.jpg

- Includes linoleic acid, which is broken-down into gamma linolenic acid

(GLA) and again into arachidonic acid (AA).

How can the poultry industry improve

egg fat composition?

Genetics have a small impact on cholesterol.

Increasing the ALA in eggs:

- Feed flaxseed oil

Increasing DHA & EPA:

- Feed seaweed or microalgae
- Feed fish oils

http://images.clipartpanda.c
om/chicken-egg-clipartgg63615295.jpg

How can the beef industry improve

beef fat composition?

Genetics have a small impact on fatty acid content.

Higher omega-3 content in:

- Grass-fed compared to concentrate fed.
- Silage fed compared to hay fed.
http://www.thegoodcalorie.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/12/Beef2.jpg

How is the beef industry trying

to make improve beef fat
composition?
Fatty
acid composition in grass-fed and feedlot cattle
Conjugate Linoleic Acid
Omega-3 & Omega-6
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
Saturated Fatty Acids
Intramuscular Fat
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

% of total fatty acids

Feedlot

Grass-fed
Adapted from Pighin et al.,
2016

50

Lifestyle perception

Vegetarians, pescetarians, and 1day/week meat consumers tend to have

more favorable dietary intake and lifestyle characteristics than regularly
meat consumers.

Energy expenditure over time has decreased and energy consumption

has increased contributing to obesity.

Chart Title
200
159.1
150
grams/capita/day 100

103.5

124.8
91.2
67.9

50
0

21.3
Animal Fat

Vegetable Fat

Total Fat

Types of fat
1910

1978

Adapted from Lofgren and Speckmann, 1978

A balancing act.
Improvements in the animals agriculture industry will increase
the quality of the animals composition to meet consumer needs
and demands.
Providing reliable information and educating consumers can help
them maximize their quality of life and promote the industry.
Thinking globally to aide others and promote national prosperity.