Rabies and the ORV Program

BY, Tharikha Arun

History:
An ancient disease
Dated back to writing by Egyptians dated 2300

BC
Believed to have been a Bacterial infection
Also known as Hydrophobia
Invariably fatal if left untreated

About:
Caused by a virus predominantly present in

the saliva of infected animals

Zootonic: Dogs, Foxes, Skunks, Bats,
Raccoons, etc
Cause is mostly a bite
Also cases where the disease was
airbourne
Icubation period is 10 days to 7 years with
an average of 3-12 weeks

"Rabies Virus." CDC Home.

Center for Control and
Prevention of Diseases, 22
Aug. 201. Web. Aug. 2016.

"Rabies Virus." CDC

Home. Center for
Control and
Prevention of

Human Symptoms:
Hydrophobia- violent spasm of diaphram

and assessory muscles triggered by

attempd to swallow water
Fever of 102 to 104 degrees, seizures and
hallucinations
Alternating symptomatic and asymptomatic
periods
Neurological Deterioration to Coma
Cardiac or Respiratory arrest which could
be fatal
Primarily misdiagnosed prior to CNS

Estimated Rabies Burden in the

World:
Rabies in present in all countries except

Antarctica but 95% deaths in Asia and

Africa
Africa and Asia: 55000 deaths per year with
70% deaths
40% victims are 5 to 14 year olds in remote
rural areas
15 million people worldwide get rabies
shots per year
Before 1960, most cases were domestic
whereas now most are wild

WHO Expert Consultation on

Rabies:
Geneva - 2001
Geneva 5th to 8th October, 2004
99% of all human rabies deaths happened in the

developing world
No control measure were being utilized despite the
existence of control measures
Mainly due to lack of accurate data and awareness
Economic restrictions
Accessibility to both the vaccines and those animals
that need it
Post-exposure prophylaxis and Pre-exposure
prophylaxis

The Oral Rabies Vaccination

Program (ORV):
Rabies in Raccoons
Vaccines as disguised consumable bait
Small sachets coated with fishmeal or

dogfood
Placed in the open where Raccoons had
access to it
Bait helps produce antibodies
Dropped from airlines
Extremely smelly to prevent children from
playing with it
Rare cases of getting rabies from broken
bait

Expenditure on Control:
Africa and Asia $583.5 million per year
United States of America $300 million per

year
Eurpoe $261 million per year
Latin America $30 million per year

Steps after being bitten by a rabid

animal:
Place a clean towel over the injury to stop

any bleeding.
Try to keep the injured area elevated.
Wash the bite carefully with soap and
water.
Inform the health department
GO TO A DOCTOR
Apply a sterile bandage to the wound.
Apply antibiotic ointment to the injury
every day to prevent infection.

September 28 is World
Rabies Day

Thank You

References:
Background and Technical Information New Jersey Health.

Department of Health, 1996-2016. Web. Aug. 2016

"Communicable Disease Service." New Jersey Health. Department of
Health, 1996-2016. Web. Aug. 2016.
Cost of Rabies Prevention." CDC Home. Center for Control and

Prevention of Diseases, 22 Aug. 201. Web. Aug. 2016.

Epidemiology. North Carolina Public Health. Department of Health,

1996-2016. Web. Aug. 2016

Global Elimination of Dog-mediated Human Rabies the Time Is

Now!" WHO. World Health Organization, 2015. Web. Aug. 2016

"Making Vaccines and RIG More Accessible: Report of Meeting." WHO.

World Health Organization, 2015. Web. Aug. 2016

Background and Technical Information Background and Technical
Information New Jersey Health. Department of Health, 1996-2016.
Web. Aug. 2016

References:
Oral Rabies Vaccine Project.Virginia Health. Department of

Health, 1996-2016. Web. Aug. 2016

"Rabies." CDC Home. Center for Control and Prevention of

Diseases, 22 Aug. 201. Web. Aug. 2016.

"Rabies in the US and Around the World." CDC Home. Center for

Control and Prevention of Diseases, 22 Aug. 201. Web. Aug. 2016.

"Rabies Virus." CDC Home. Center for Control and Prevention of

Diseases, 22 Aug. 201. Web. Aug. 2016.

Rabies" WHO. World Health Organization, 2015. Web. Aug. 2016
WHO Expert Consultatipn on Rabies" WHO Technical Support

Series. World Health Organization, 2015. Web. Aug. 2016

World Rabies Day." CDC Home. Center for Control and

Prevention of Diseases, 22 Aug. 201. Web. Aug. 2016.

Villiers, Alex De. "The Rabies Virus." YouTube. N.p., 10 Jan. 2015. Web.

2016.