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RF Tuning Guideline

Dec-2016

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Contents
Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Activation and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

Coverage
Optimization Goal

MR Collection and
Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis
Workflow

Coverage, Pilot Pollution, SHO


overhead

MR Collection

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

MR Capability and Analysis

Poor Coverage

Poor Dominance

Handover Issue

Bad Ec/Io

Pilot Pollution

Coverage Optimization Goal


Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

List of RF optimization objectives


Index

Reference

Distance

Remarks

RxQual 5 dB

95%

>100m

Voice

RxLev -95 dBm

95%

>100m

Voice

CPICH Ec/Io 14dB

95%

>100m

Voice

CPICH RSCP 92dBm

95%

>100m

Voice

SHO Factor based on DT

<45%

Overall

Voice (Greening)

Overall

Via OSS (Greening)

>100m

Voice

>100m

Voice

2G

3G
PRACH (%) within ISD > 80%
Pilot pollution ratio

5%

UE Tx Power 15 dBm
RSRP

95%

>100m

Data

SINR

95%

>100m

Data

4G

RF Analysis Workflow

MR Collection and Analysis


Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Collection and Analysis


RSCP Coverage

PCR Tilting Flow


Ec/Io Coverage

RF Analysis Workflow
Network Coverage
MR can display RSCP, Ec/Io
for each carrier to find the
poor coverage area on the
map.

Pilot Pollution

Best Server

Network Pilot
Pollution

From the pilot pollution


map, get the more
serious pilot pollution
area.
From the Best server map,
get the cell coverage range.

AMR Traffic

PS Traffic

With this two map analyze


which cell cause the pilot
pollution.

Network Hot Spots

MR can accurately identify


hot spots based on RAB
traffic service.
These spots can be
highlight for capacity
upgrade f necessary.
MR Activation

PCR Tilting Flow


Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

MR
and Tilting
Drive/Walk
test
Start
PCR
logs

No

No

Fix installation

*Implemented
standard
mechanical tilt

PCR Tilting Flow is to indicate


priorities between mechanical
tilting, electrical tilting and CPICH
power setting.

Standard
mechanical tilt

Azimuth physical tuning


guideline is included RF
Optimization Flow.

Yes

Implement
electrical tilt.
ET = max?

Yes

RF Analysis Workflow

No

Need side lobe coverage?


(such as outer area)

Yes

Done

Implement mechanical tilt.


MT = 6 (max)?

Yes
No

Keep CPICH at 10%.


Optimized?

Done
Yes

Yes
No

Need indoor penetration?

Re-engineering

Yes

*subject to change from optimization point of view.

Reduce CPICH
Minimum 5%. Optimized?

No

Re-engineering

ISD vs. Height Tilting Table


Coverage Optimization Goal

3G Tilting Table

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

4G Tilting Table
Site To
Distanc
e
15
100
200
300
400
500 6
560 6
600 6
700 5
800 5
810 5
900 5
1000 5
1100 5
1200 5
1220 5
1300 5
1400 5
1500 5
1600 5
1700 5
1800 5
1900 5
2000 4
2100 4
2200 4
2300 4
2400 4
2500 4
2600 4
2700 4
2800 4
2900 4
3000 4

20

7
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4

25

7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

27

7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

29

8
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

30

8
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

35

8
8
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

38

9
8
8
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

40

9
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

45

9
9
9
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

50

10
9
9
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

Multi Sector Tilting and Azimuth Design


Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

Generally, keep the dual beam total tilt as before, E-tilt


as higher priority.
If original tilt >10
E-tilt = 8and M-tilt = original tilt - 8
Else
M-tilt = 2 and E-tilt = original tilt 2
For different beam of one antenna the M-tilt should be
same.
E.g.:
Original
M-tilt

E-tilt

Plan
Total

M-tilt

E-tilt

Total
10Electric tilt

10

10

10Mechanical tilt

Using E-tilt can control the side lobe interference


more efficiently.
Azimuth will be same as before multi-sector

LTE Red Site Solution Optimization Guideline


Tilting Optimization for RED site with NEW site solution
I.

Overshooting RED site


1.
If less than 80% of TA samples located within **ISD, considered overshooting and need to downtilt as per tilting table.

II. RED and NEW site Tilting Standard


1.
If NEW site is within RED site sector 90 horizontal beamwidth AND
a.
Distance of RED *TA vs. RED to NEW site is more than 80%, then implement max(tilting table, +4) tilting on RED site. NEW site
follow tilting table.
b.
Distance of RED *TA vs. RED to NEW site is within 50%-80%, then implement max(tilting table, +2) tilting on RED site. NEW site
follow tilting table.
c.
Distance of RED *TA vs. RED to NEW site is within 30%-50%, then implement +2 tilting on RED site. NEW site implement -2
(uptilt).
d.
Distance of RED *TA vs. RED to NEW site is less than 30%, propose other
solution (LTE 15Mhz or Multi-sector).
2.
If NEW site is outside RED site sector 90 horizontal beamwidth by 9020, will be optimized on case by case basis to determine optimized tilt.
The objective is share the load of RED site with new site until RED site becomes green and/or both RED and NEW site load is balanced.

RED site
TA area

*TA : RED existing site 80% MR cell coverage


**ISD: Average distance (dA, dB, dC)
where dA, dB, dC are 1st tier nearest neighbors

LTE Red Site Solution Optimization Guideline


Azimuth Optimization for RED site with NEW site solution
I.

The decision to implement proper azimuth must be based on actual physical configuration (not on database). Hence, it is necessary to perform
site audit at least both RED site and NEW site.

II. RED and NEW site face to face azimuth


1.
Change NEW site azimuth at least 10 difference with RED site, in the best possible direction considering users area, surrounding site azimuth,
angle between antennas, blocking, etc. Samples of proper azimuths are illustrated on the figure below.
III. NEW site azimuth not optimized based on high traffic area to be shared with RED site
1.
Change NEW site azimuth according to high user area while maintaining proper azimuth design if possible.
IV. NEW site azimuth not optimized based on design
1.
Change NEW site azimuth based on proper azimuth design

Proper Azimuth Configurations

LTE Red Site Solution Optimization Guideline


RF Justification for RED site with NEW site solution
I.

NEW site blocking or no line-of-sight


1.
Blocked antennas are defined as sites who have an obstructing structure in a certain important direction, or just do not have clutter clearance
based on site audit (TSSR) panoramic photo line-of-sight to target coverage (high users area served by RED site).
2.
Need to check possible new solution like re-engineering (NEW site), LTE 15Mhz, multi-sector and new LTE physical site.

II. RED site azimuth need to adjust to optimize according to higher user area
1.
The RED site is still red after new site solution due to RED site re-azimuth to higher user area which increases the utilization further compared to
original azimuth.
2.
Need to provide another solution such as LTE 15Mhz, multi-sector or new LTE physical site.
III. NEW site azimuth need to adjust to optimize according to higher user area, but not intended for RED site
1.
The RED site is still red after new site solution due to NEW site re-azimuth to higher user area near the NEW site. Hence, making the NEW site
incapable of taking enough load from RED site to make it green.
2.
Need to provide another solution such as LTE 15Mhz, multi-sector or new LTE physical site.
IV. LTE new site solution for 3G RED site
1.
Perform layering parameter audit GUL based on NPT to make sure everything is proper, specially L2U and U2L.
2.
LTE coverage based on SSO drive test must be in accordance with coverage prediction or better.
3.
Need to verify the users in the LTE coverage area if the SIM cards of LTE capable handsets (min 350 based on planning criteria), if registered and
can use the LTE network.

3G RF Analysis Workflow
Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Collection and Analysis

MR and Drive/Walk test


logs
Compare measurements with target
quality and coverage thresholds

Poor Coverage
(RSCP)

Poor Dominance

Handover
Problem

Bad Ec/No

Pilot Pollution

Non-optimum RF

Land terrain
Planning/Engineerin
g

Yes

A
Poor
Coverage

CPICH Ec/No =>


target threshold -14
dBm

No

No

Yes

Good coverage

Missing neighbor

Overlap Coverage

Clock sync alarm

Overlap Coverage

Land Terrain

Truncation

Land Terrain

Planning/Engineerin
g

Parameter
discrepancy

Planning/Engineerin
g

Cross feeder

Handov
er
Problem

1. Overshooting
2. UL coverage
limited
3. Cross-feeder

Non-optimum RF

High RTWP

No

Amount of SC within 5dB


RSCP from best SC >3

Yes

High Load

High antenna
height

Handover fail OR
Detected RSCP > Active RSCP

Yes

Dominance Area OK?


PRACH > ISD is <10%
or SHO OH is <50%

Non-optimum RF
High antenna
height

Hardware/Availabilit
y

CPICH RSCP =>


target threshold -92
dBm

RF Analysis Workflow

Antenna blocking

No

PCR Tilting Flow

No

Bad
Ec/No

Yes

1. Pilot pollution
2. High SHO
overhead

A. Poor Coverage (RSCP)


Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

MR or DT logs
RSCP <-92 dBm @
> 100m
Yes

Site Availability Issue

Identify alarm and


escalate to Project/BSS

No

Building
Clutter
Other antennas
Billboard
Shadowing
Valley/mountain
slopes
Elevator/Toilet
Buildings w/o DAS
Houses with thick
walls
Tunnels
Antenna height
ISD or target
distance
Antenna type
Antenna direction
Antenna tilting
LOS

High VSWR (>2) or


Poor material quality

Yes

Escalate to project team


for installation checking

No

Antenna
Blocking

Yes

Possible to achieve
coverage target by PCR
(re-pan, tilt)

No

Terrain and enclosed


areas

Fix installation
RRU not on-top
Antenna middle of
building
Mechanical bracket
stuck
Antenna cannot repan

No

Yes
Yes

No

Site Audit and/or RF


optimization possibility
No

Yes

Physical tuning, CPICH


and parameter tuning

Repeater
Femto cell

Overshooti
PCR not
ng:
possible
Wrong
due to
antenna
bad
type of
installatio
antenna
n
Target
too high
Macro:
ISD
coverage
too far
small, no
(>1km)
indoor and
Indoor: no
penetration
DAS/lamp
loss too high but hot spot

Change
antenna
Using antenna
gain too high (ex.
in highway).
Antenna
Lowering
Antenna height
too high even
down-tilt max
(Height/ISD
>5%).

New
Site/Easy
Macro/Comba
t
Strong
justification
based on
coverage /
quality /
capacity

A. Poor Coverage (RSCP)


Coverage Optimization Goal
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

Non-Optimum RF

Too much down-tilt will make DL coverage limited in cell edge. Too much up-tilt on the other hand, will make inner cell coverage poor (under the
site) particularly for high antenna sites (>45m). Generally mechanical tilt is standardized based on antenna height vs. ISD, then electrical tilt as a
priority to balance the coverage.

CPICH power must be on the 5%-10% range with respect to maximum DL power to maintain power balance in DL/UL and penetration loss.
Antenna Blocking

Blocked antennas are defined as sites who have an obstructing structure in a certain important direction, or just do not have clutter clearance.

Hardware or Availability Issue

Poor material quality such as feeder, jumper, antenna, etc. can impact to high VSWR (>1.5) and increase RF propagation loses. Some camouflage
sites also use non-RF transparent material to conceal the antennas, the RF energy in turn reflects and scatters in many directions.

Site with transmission or availability alarm can impact not only to coverage but also to revenue loss and poor user experience, and need to be
fixed as first priority.
Land Terrain, Establishments and Indoors

Enclosed areas such as tunnels, underground garage, elevators, valleys, houses with thick walls, basement, etc. can make coverage poor due to
high penetration loss.

These coverage holes can be solved by heterogenic network using small cells, femto cell, repeaters and specific antenna types to fill coverage holes.
Planning and Engineering

Bad antenna positioning /installation these sites have antennas mounted inappropriately for the coverage objective. This could be a result of
recent modifications to the site by other operators/entities or simply poor planning.

Bad antenna type - these sites have antenna types either inappropriate for the coverage objective or from manufacturers of questionable quality
leading to unpredictable cell footprints. Usually a result of poor antenna strategy and planning.
Bad RRU positioning - these sites unnecessarily have the RRU mounted too far from the antenna, or in some cases not using an RRU at all. If the
coverage objective requires max coverage, then RRUs should be mounted as close to the antenna as possible.

B. Poor Dominance/Overshooting/UL limited


Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

From MR or DT logs
RSCP > -92 dBm and
Ec/No >- 14 dB but
Poor Dominance

Yes

Site Availability Issue

Identify alarm and


escalate to Project/BSS

No

Building
Clutter
Other antennas
Billboard
Shadowing
Valley/mountain
slopes
Elevator/Toilet
Buildings w/o DAS
Houses with thick
walls
Tunnels
Antenna height
ISD or target
distance
Antenna type
Antenna direction
Antenna tilting
LOS

High VSWR (>2) and/or


Cross feeder

Yes

Escalate to project team


for installation checking

No

Antenna
Blocking

Yes

Possible to achieve
coverage target by PCR
(re-pan, tilt)

No

Terrain and enclosed


areas

Fix installation
RRU not on-top
Antenna middle of
building
Mechanical bracket
stuck
Antenna cannot repan

No

Yes
Yes

No

Site Audit and/or RF


optimization possibility
(Overlap coverage)
No

Yes

Physical tuning, CPICH


and parameter tuning

Repeater
Femto cell

Overshooti
PCR not
ng:
possible
Wrong
due to
antenna
bad
type of
installatio
antenna
n
Target
too high
Macro:
ISD
coverage
too far
small, no
(>1km)
indoor and
Indoor: no
penetration
DAS/lamp
loss too high but hot spot

Change
antenna
Using antenna
gain too high (ex.
in highway).
Antenna
Lowering
Antenna height
too high even
down-tilt max
(Height/ISD
>5%).

New
Site/Easy
Macro/Comba
t
Strong
justification
based on
coverage /
quality /
capacity

B. Poor Dominance/Overshooting/UL limited


Coverage Optimization Goal
1.

2.

3.

MR Collection and Analysis

Too much Up-Tilt or High CPICH Power

Too much up-tilt with respect to target coverage area (planning), will
result to bigger DL coverage but limited in UL coverage that result to
poor user experience. Generally mechanical tilt is standardized based
on antenna height vs. ISD, then electrical tilt as a priority to balance
the DL coverage.

CPICH power must be on the 5%-10% range with respect to


maximum DL power to maintain power balance in DL/UL and
penetration loss.
High Antenna Height

High sites are defined as sites who are too high compared to the
inter-site distance and coverage objective.

High sites will cause interference to other sites as the RF is harder


to control from a high site. Also, will get too much traffic as they
commonly cover too large an area.

To initially produce potentially high sites, it is recommended to set


parameters antenna height > 40m and with ratio antenna height / ISD
> 5 or 6%.

Overlap Coverage

Azimuth optimization includes angle separation between antenna from


intra NodeB and neighbours. Antenna azimuth should not be directed
along the road to avoid overshooting.

PCR Tilting Flow


4.

5.

5.

RF Analysis Workflow

Cross-feeder

After drive test and before RF optimization analysis, RF engineer have


to verify serving cells dominance first to make sure all cells are
propagating properly to their intended coverage area.

Cross-feeders need to be fixed on site and trace the feeder to swap


based on engineering sector plan.
Land Terrain, Establishments and Buildings

Sites built on the mountain or mountain slopes tend to


overshoot on the low lands due to high terrain with respect to sea
level. The planning team need to consider this scenario to apply
proper antenna type (low gain) and height.

Antennas that are facing glass building/materials tend to reflect and


overshoot. Need to re-pan or tilt in optimum coverage area to avoid
reflection.
Planning and Engineering

Bad antenna positioning /installation- these sites have antennas


mounted inappropriately for the coverage objective. This could be a
result of recent modifications to the site by other operators/entities or
simply poor planning. Antennas mounted with fixed bracket cannot be
down-tilted which result to overshooting even with maximum electrical
tilt.

Bad antenna type - these sites have antenna types either


inappropriate for the coverage objective or from manufacturers of
questionable quality leading to unpredictable cell footprints. Usually a
result of poor antenna strategy and planning, such as high gain
antenna on a mountain slopes can cause overshooting.

C. Handover Problem
Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

From MR or DT
logs
RSCP > -92 dBm
but
Ec/No <- 14 dB and
Handover fail

Clock
synchronization
Issue

Yes

Identify alarm and


escalate to Project/BSS

No

Missing Neighbor and


not overshooting

Yes

Add neighbor if necessary

No

Yes

High RTWP
No

Neighbor Truncation
Yes

Fix installation
RRU not on-top
Antenna middle of
building
Mechanical bracket
stuck
Antenna cannot repan

If Min RTWP > -102


when DCH UE 2, check FFT.
Else, check if can share load
to neighbor.
Possible to achieve
coverage target by PCR
(re-pan, tilt)
Remove unnecessary
neighbor

No

Yes

Overshooting. Possible
to optimize?

No

Physical tuning, CPICH


and parameter tuning

Repeater
Femto cell

Overshooti
PCR not
ng:
possible
Wrong
due to
antenna
bad
type of
installatio
antenna
n
Target
too high
Macro:
ISD
coverage
too far
small, no
(>1km)
indoor and
Indoor: no
penetration
DAS/lamp
loss too high but hot spot

Change
antenna
Using antenna
gain too high (ex.
in highway).
Antenna
Lowering
Antenna height
too high even
down-tilt max
(Height/ISD
>5%).

New
Site/Easy
Macro/Comba
t
Strong
justification
based on
coverage /
quality /
capacity

C. Handover Problem
Coverage Optimization Goal
1.

2.
3.

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

Missing Neighbor

Planned neighbors must be defined based on engineering parameter and topographical analysis until 2nd tier or based on site density and priority
(layering).

Optimized neighbors can be done through drive test measurements (detected set) and OSS statistics cell to cell handovers.
High RTWP

High RTWP can cause handover fail when the handover procedure is not completed due to UL coverage limitation, thus the UE is located in cell
edge and/or UE power is already at maximum and cannot maintain RL quality and NodeB cannot decode UE UL messages.
Clock Synchronization Issue

IP clock alarm impact - The base station fails to synchronize to theIPclockreference. The systemclockmay be unusable if the base station does
not obtain theclockreference for a long period of time. As a result, the quality of services of the base station decreases, resulting in handover failure
and call drop. In certain cases, the base station cannot provide services.

Need to escalate to BSS team and area owner for resolution.

4.

Neighbor Truncation

Each cell can be configured maximum 64 intra-frequency neighbors, 64 inter-frequency neighbors and 64 inter-RAT neighbours.

If the number of the cells will be put in measurement controlis more than maximum number of neighboring cells, RNC will delete the neighboring
cells whose repeated numberof neighbor occurrence is lesser.

Necessary neighbors might be deleted/truncated if unnecessary neighbors are repeated more in active set cells.

5.

Parameter Discrepancy

Handover parameter check need to check handover parameters if set to extreme values. Below are basic intra-handover parameters for
Parameter ID
Standard Value
Remarks
reference.
IntraRelThdFor1A

CS: 6 (3dB) PS: 4 (2


dB)

IntraRelThdFor1B

CS: 12 (6dB) PS: 8 (4


dB)

Hystfor1A

Hystfor1B

Hystfor1C

8 (4 dB)

D. Bad Ec/No
Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

From MR or DT logs
RSCP > -92 dBm but
Ec/No <- 14 dB and
Dominance OK and
No handover issue
TCP Utilization
> 45 dBm?

No

Check
overshooting,
1st tier
neighbor
Pilot pollution or cross feeder
DL/UL load <40%?

No

Move to Solution B
(Overshooting/Cross feeder)

Fix installation
RRU not on-top
Antenna middle of
building
Mechanical bracket
stuck
Antenna cannot repan

Yes

Dominance OK

Yes

1st tier neighbor


Capacity >40%?

F3, multi-sector, U900

Share load to neighbour


by PCR possible

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Additional cells upgrade


for bad Ec/No OK?
(F3, U900, multi)
No

Physical tuning, CPICH


and parameter tuning

Repeater
Femto cell

Overshooti
PCR not
ng:
possible
Wrong
due to
antenna
bad
type of
installatio
antenna
n
Target
too high
Macro:
ISD
coverage
too far
small, no
(>1km)
indoor and
Indoor: no
penetration
DAS/lamp
loss too high but hot spot

Change
antenna
Using antenna
gain too high (ex.
in highway).
Antenna
Lowering
Antenna height
too high even
down-tilt max
(Height/ISD
>5%).

New
Site/Easy
Macro/Comba
t
Strong
justification
based on
coverage /
quality /
capacity

D. Bad Ec/No
Coverage Optimization Goal
1.

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

High DL Load

TCP utilization or DL load (own cell interference) is inversely proportional to Ec/Io, thus the higher the DL load, the lower the
Ec/Io value.

Ec/Io (dB) = RSCP / RSSI = CPICH / Ior (own cell interference) + Ioc (neighbor cell interference) + No (noise background)
Sample cell JATIBARUTANAHABANGSTPHZ2

CPICH Power
TCP Utilization (peak)

: 34.5 dBm
: 45.6 dBm (90%)

Ec/Io (dB) = 34.5 dBm 45.6 dBm = -11.1 dB (not included neighbor interference and noise background yet)
Mean TCP vs. TP0 Ec/No

The higher the


TCP,
the lower the
Ec/No

E. Pilot pollution / High SHO Overhead


Coverage Optimization Goal

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

From MR or DT logs
RSCP > -92 dBm but
Ec/No <- 14 dB and
SC > 3 within 5 dB
RSCP from best
server

Yes

Identify alarm and


escalate to Project/BSS

Site Availability Issue

Fix installation
RRU not on-top
Antenna middle of
building
Mechanical bracket
stuck
Antenna cannot repan

No

Height / ISD >5%

Overlapping Coverage
(Face to face antenna)

Yes

No

Valley/mountain
slopes
High height above
sea level
Antenna height
ISD or target
distance
Antenna type
Antenna direction
Antenna tilting
LOS

High Antenna Height

Yes

Possible to achieve
coverage target by PCR
(re-pan, tilt)

No

Terrain and enclosed


areas

No

Yes
Yes

No

Yes

Site Audit and/or RF


optimization possibility
No

Physical tuning, CPICH


and parameter tuning

Repeater
Femto cell

Overshooti
PCR not
ng:
possible
Wrong
due to
antenna
bad
type of
installatio
antenna
n
Target
too high
Macro:
ISD
coverage
too far
small, no
(>1km)
indoor and
Indoor: no
penetration
DAS/lamp
loss too high but hot spot

Change
antenna
Using antenna
gain too high (ex.
in highway).
Antenna
Lowering
Antenna height
too high even
down-tilt max
(Height/ISD
>5%).

New
Site/Easy
Macro/Comba
t
Strong
justification
based on
coverage /
quality /
capacity

E. Pilot pollution / High SHO Overhead


Coverage Optimization Goal
1.

2.

MR Collection and Analysis

PCR Tilting Flow

RF Analysis Workflow

Too much Up-Tilt or High CPICH Power

Too much up-tilt with respect to target coverage area (planning), will result to bigger DL coverage but limited in UL coverage that result to poor
user experience. Generally mechanical tilt is standardized based on antenna height vs. ISD, then electrical tilt as a priority to balance the DL
coverage.

CPICH power must be on the 5%-10% range with respect to maximum DL power to maintain power balance in DL/UL and penetration loss.
High Antenna Height

High sites are defined as sites who are too high compared to the inter-site distance and coverage objective.

High sites will cause interference to other sites as the RF is harder to control from a high site. Also, will get too much traffic as they commonly
cover too large an area.

To initially produce potentially high sites, it is recommended to set parameters antenna height > 40m and with ratio antenna height / ISD > 5 or 6%.

3.

Overlap Coverage

Homogenous azimuth (with tolerance) is implemented for good site gridding/location and to avoid overlap coverage. 3 main azimuth rules as
below to avoid overlap coverage.

4.

Land Terrain, Establishments and Buildings

Sites built on the mountain or mountain slopes tend to overshoot on the low lands due to high terrain with respect to sea level. The planning
team need to consider this scenario to apply proper antenna type (low gain) and height.

Antennas that are facing glass building/materials tend to reflect and overshoot. Need to re-pan or tilt in optimum coverage area to avoid reflection.
Planning and Engineering

Bad antenna positioning /installation- these sites have antennas mounted inappropriately for the coverage objective. This could be a result of
recent modifications to the site by other operators/entities or simply poor planning. Antennas mounted with fixed bracket cannot be down-tilted
which result to overshooting even with maximum electrical tilt.

5.

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