Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Dec-2016
Contents
Coverage Optimization Goal
RF Analysis Workflow
Coverage
Optimization Goal
MR Collection and
Analysis
RF Analysis
Workflow
MR Collection
RF Analysis Workflow
Poor Coverage
Poor Dominance
Handover Issue
Bad Ec/Io
Pilot Pollution
Reference
Distance
Remarks
RxQual 5 dB
95%
>100m
Voice
95%
>100m
Voice
95%
>100m
Voice
95%
>100m
Voice
<45%
Overall
Voice (Greening)
Overall
>100m
Voice
>100m
Voice
2G
3G
PRACH (%) within ISD > 80%
Pilot pollution ratio
5%
UE Tx Power 15 dBm
RSRP
95%
>100m
Data
SINR
95%
>100m
Data
4G
RF Analysis Workflow
RF Analysis Workflow
Network Coverage
MR can display RSCP, Ec/Io
for each carrier to find the
poor coverage area on the
map.
Pilot Pollution
Best Server
Network Pilot
Pollution
AMR Traffic
PS Traffic
MR
and Tilting
Drive/Walk
test
Start
PCR
logs
No
No
Fix installation
*Implemented
standard
mechanical tilt
Standard
mechanical tilt
Yes
Implement
electrical tilt.
ET = max?
Yes
RF Analysis Workflow
No
Yes
Done
Yes
No
Done
Yes
Yes
No
Re-engineering
Yes
Reduce CPICH
Minimum 5%. Optimized?
No
Re-engineering
3G Tilting Table
RF Analysis Workflow
4G Tilting Table
Site To
Distanc
e
15
100
200
300
400
500 6
560 6
600 6
700 5
800 5
810 5
900 5
1000 5
1100 5
1200 5
1220 5
1300 5
1400 5
1500 5
1600 5
1700 5
1800 5
1900 5
2000 4
2100 4
2200 4
2300 4
2400 4
2500 4
2600 4
2700 4
2800 4
2900 4
3000 4
20
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
25
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
27
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30
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35
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40
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45
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RF Analysis Workflow
E-tilt
Plan
Total
M-tilt
E-tilt
Total
10Electric tilt
10
10
10Mechanical tilt
RED site
TA area
The decision to implement proper azimuth must be based on actual physical configuration (not on database). Hence, it is necessary to perform
site audit at least both RED site and NEW site.
II. RED site azimuth need to adjust to optimize according to higher user area
1.
The RED site is still red after new site solution due to RED site re-azimuth to higher user area which increases the utilization further compared to
original azimuth.
2.
Need to provide another solution such as LTE 15Mhz, multi-sector or new LTE physical site.
III. NEW site azimuth need to adjust to optimize according to higher user area, but not intended for RED site
1.
The RED site is still red after new site solution due to NEW site re-azimuth to higher user area near the NEW site. Hence, making the NEW site
incapable of taking enough load from RED site to make it green.
2.
Need to provide another solution such as LTE 15Mhz, multi-sector or new LTE physical site.
IV. LTE new site solution for 3G RED site
1.
Perform layering parameter audit GUL based on NPT to make sure everything is proper, specially L2U and U2L.
2.
LTE coverage based on SSO drive test must be in accordance with coverage prediction or better.
3.
Need to verify the users in the LTE coverage area if the SIM cards of LTE capable handsets (min 350 based on planning criteria), if registered and
can use the LTE network.
3G RF Analysis Workflow
Coverage Optimization Goal
Poor Coverage
(RSCP)
Poor Dominance
Handover
Problem
Bad Ec/No
Pilot Pollution
Non-optimum RF
Land terrain
Planning/Engineerin
g
Yes
A
Poor
Coverage
No
No
Yes
Good coverage
Missing neighbor
Overlap Coverage
Overlap Coverage
Land Terrain
Truncation
Land Terrain
Planning/Engineerin
g
Parameter
discrepancy
Planning/Engineerin
g
Cross feeder
Handov
er
Problem
1. Overshooting
2. UL coverage
limited
3. Cross-feeder
Non-optimum RF
High RTWP
No
Yes
High Load
High antenna
height
Handover fail OR
Detected RSCP > Active RSCP
Yes
Non-optimum RF
High antenna
height
Hardware/Availabilit
y
RF Analysis Workflow
Antenna blocking
No
No
Bad
Ec/No
Yes
1. Pilot pollution
2. High SHO
overhead
RF Analysis Workflow
MR or DT logs
RSCP <-92 dBm @
> 100m
Yes
No
Building
Clutter
Other antennas
Billboard
Shadowing
Valley/mountain
slopes
Elevator/Toilet
Buildings w/o DAS
Houses with thick
walls
Tunnels
Antenna height
ISD or target
distance
Antenna type
Antenna direction
Antenna tilting
LOS
Yes
No
Antenna
Blocking
Yes
Possible to achieve
coverage target by PCR
(re-pan, tilt)
No
Fix installation
RRU not on-top
Antenna middle of
building
Mechanical bracket
stuck
Antenna cannot repan
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Repeater
Femto cell
Overshooti
PCR not
ng:
possible
Wrong
due to
antenna
bad
type of
installatio
antenna
n
Target
too high
Macro:
ISD
coverage
too far
small, no
(>1km)
indoor and
Indoor: no
penetration
DAS/lamp
loss too high but hot spot
Change
antenna
Using antenna
gain too high (ex.
in highway).
Antenna
Lowering
Antenna height
too high even
down-tilt max
(Height/ISD
>5%).
New
Site/Easy
Macro/Comba
t
Strong
justification
based on
coverage /
quality /
capacity
2.
3.
4.
5.
RF Analysis Workflow
Non-Optimum RF
Too much down-tilt will make DL coverage limited in cell edge. Too much up-tilt on the other hand, will make inner cell coverage poor (under the
site) particularly for high antenna sites (>45m). Generally mechanical tilt is standardized based on antenna height vs. ISD, then electrical tilt as a
priority to balance the coverage.
CPICH power must be on the 5%-10% range with respect to maximum DL power to maintain power balance in DL/UL and penetration loss.
Antenna Blocking
Blocked antennas are defined as sites who have an obstructing structure in a certain important direction, or just do not have clutter clearance.
Poor material quality such as feeder, jumper, antenna, etc. can impact to high VSWR (>1.5) and increase RF propagation loses. Some camouflage
sites also use non-RF transparent material to conceal the antennas, the RF energy in turn reflects and scatters in many directions.
Site with transmission or availability alarm can impact not only to coverage but also to revenue loss and poor user experience, and need to be
fixed as first priority.
Land Terrain, Establishments and Indoors
Enclosed areas such as tunnels, underground garage, elevators, valleys, houses with thick walls, basement, etc. can make coverage poor due to
high penetration loss.
These coverage holes can be solved by heterogenic network using small cells, femto cell, repeaters and specific antenna types to fill coverage holes.
Planning and Engineering
Bad antenna positioning /installation these sites have antennas mounted inappropriately for the coverage objective. This could be a result of
recent modifications to the site by other operators/entities or simply poor planning.
Bad antenna type - these sites have antenna types either inappropriate for the coverage objective or from manufacturers of questionable quality
leading to unpredictable cell footprints. Usually a result of poor antenna strategy and planning.
Bad RRU positioning - these sites unnecessarily have the RRU mounted too far from the antenna, or in some cases not using an RRU at all. If the
coverage objective requires max coverage, then RRUs should be mounted as close to the antenna as possible.
RF Analysis Workflow
From MR or DT logs
RSCP > -92 dBm and
Ec/No >- 14 dB but
Poor Dominance
Yes
No
Building
Clutter
Other antennas
Billboard
Shadowing
Valley/mountain
slopes
Elevator/Toilet
Buildings w/o DAS
Houses with thick
walls
Tunnels
Antenna height
ISD or target
distance
Antenna type
Antenna direction
Antenna tilting
LOS
Yes
No
Antenna
Blocking
Yes
Possible to achieve
coverage target by PCR
(re-pan, tilt)
No
Fix installation
RRU not on-top
Antenna middle of
building
Mechanical bracket
stuck
Antenna cannot repan
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Repeater
Femto cell
Overshooti
PCR not
ng:
possible
Wrong
due to
antenna
bad
type of
installatio
antenna
n
Target
too high
Macro:
ISD
coverage
too far
small, no
(>1km)
indoor and
Indoor: no
penetration
DAS/lamp
loss too high but hot spot
Change
antenna
Using antenna
gain too high (ex.
in highway).
Antenna
Lowering
Antenna height
too high even
down-tilt max
(Height/ISD
>5%).
New
Site/Easy
Macro/Comba
t
Strong
justification
based on
coverage /
quality /
capacity
2.
3.
Too much up-tilt with respect to target coverage area (planning), will
result to bigger DL coverage but limited in UL coverage that result to
poor user experience. Generally mechanical tilt is standardized based
on antenna height vs. ISD, then electrical tilt as a priority to balance
the DL coverage.
High sites are defined as sites who are too high compared to the
inter-site distance and coverage objective.
Overlap Coverage
5.
5.
RF Analysis Workflow
Cross-feeder
C. Handover Problem
Coverage Optimization Goal
RF Analysis Workflow
From MR or DT
logs
RSCP > -92 dBm
but
Ec/No <- 14 dB and
Handover fail
Clock
synchronization
Issue
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
High RTWP
No
Neighbor Truncation
Yes
Fix installation
RRU not on-top
Antenna middle of
building
Mechanical bracket
stuck
Antenna cannot repan
No
Yes
Overshooting. Possible
to optimize?
No
Repeater
Femto cell
Overshooti
PCR not
ng:
possible
Wrong
due to
antenna
bad
type of
installatio
antenna
n
Target
too high
Macro:
ISD
coverage
too far
small, no
(>1km)
indoor and
Indoor: no
penetration
DAS/lamp
loss too high but hot spot
Change
antenna
Using antenna
gain too high (ex.
in highway).
Antenna
Lowering
Antenna height
too high even
down-tilt max
(Height/ISD
>5%).
New
Site/Easy
Macro/Comba
t
Strong
justification
based on
coverage /
quality /
capacity
C. Handover Problem
Coverage Optimization Goal
1.
2.
3.
RF Analysis Workflow
Missing Neighbor
Planned neighbors must be defined based on engineering parameter and topographical analysis until 2nd tier or based on site density and priority
(layering).
Optimized neighbors can be done through drive test measurements (detected set) and OSS statistics cell to cell handovers.
High RTWP
High RTWP can cause handover fail when the handover procedure is not completed due to UL coverage limitation, thus the UE is located in cell
edge and/or UE power is already at maximum and cannot maintain RL quality and NodeB cannot decode UE UL messages.
Clock Synchronization Issue
IP clock alarm impact - The base station fails to synchronize to theIPclockreference. The systemclockmay be unusable if the base station does
not obtain theclockreference for a long period of time. As a result, the quality of services of the base station decreases, resulting in handover failure
and call drop. In certain cases, the base station cannot provide services.
4.
Neighbor Truncation
Each cell can be configured maximum 64 intra-frequency neighbors, 64 inter-frequency neighbors and 64 inter-RAT neighbours.
If the number of the cells will be put in measurement controlis more than maximum number of neighboring cells, RNC will delete the neighboring
cells whose repeated numberof neighbor occurrence is lesser.
Necessary neighbors might be deleted/truncated if unnecessary neighbors are repeated more in active set cells.
5.
Parameter Discrepancy
Handover parameter check need to check handover parameters if set to extreme values. Below are basic intra-handover parameters for
Parameter ID
Standard Value
Remarks
reference.
IntraRelThdFor1A
IntraRelThdFor1B
Hystfor1A
Hystfor1B
Hystfor1C
8 (4 dB)
D. Bad Ec/No
Coverage Optimization Goal
RF Analysis Workflow
From MR or DT logs
RSCP > -92 dBm but
Ec/No <- 14 dB and
Dominance OK and
No handover issue
TCP Utilization
> 45 dBm?
No
Check
overshooting,
1st tier
neighbor
Pilot pollution or cross feeder
DL/UL load <40%?
No
Move to Solution B
(Overshooting/Cross feeder)
Fix installation
RRU not on-top
Antenna middle of
building
Mechanical bracket
stuck
Antenna cannot repan
Yes
Dominance OK
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Repeater
Femto cell
Overshooti
PCR not
ng:
possible
Wrong
due to
antenna
bad
type of
installatio
antenna
n
Target
too high
Macro:
ISD
coverage
too far
small, no
(>1km)
indoor and
Indoor: no
penetration
DAS/lamp
loss too high but hot spot
Change
antenna
Using antenna
gain too high (ex.
in highway).
Antenna
Lowering
Antenna height
too high even
down-tilt max
(Height/ISD
>5%).
New
Site/Easy
Macro/Comba
t
Strong
justification
based on
coverage /
quality /
capacity
D. Bad Ec/No
Coverage Optimization Goal
1.
RF Analysis Workflow
High DL Load
TCP utilization or DL load (own cell interference) is inversely proportional to Ec/Io, thus the higher the DL load, the lower the
Ec/Io value.
Ec/Io (dB) = RSCP / RSSI = CPICH / Ior (own cell interference) + Ioc (neighbor cell interference) + No (noise background)
Sample cell JATIBARUTANAHABANGSTPHZ2
CPICH Power
TCP Utilization (peak)
: 34.5 dBm
: 45.6 dBm (90%)
Ec/Io (dB) = 34.5 dBm 45.6 dBm = -11.1 dB (not included neighbor interference and noise background yet)
Mean TCP vs. TP0 Ec/No
RF Analysis Workflow
From MR or DT logs
RSCP > -92 dBm but
Ec/No <- 14 dB and
SC > 3 within 5 dB
RSCP from best
server
Yes
Fix installation
RRU not on-top
Antenna middle of
building
Mechanical bracket
stuck
Antenna cannot repan
No
Overlapping Coverage
(Face to face antenna)
Yes
No
Valley/mountain
slopes
High height above
sea level
Antenna height
ISD or target
distance
Antenna type
Antenna direction
Antenna tilting
LOS
Yes
Possible to achieve
coverage target by PCR
(re-pan, tilt)
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Repeater
Femto cell
Overshooti
PCR not
ng:
possible
Wrong
due to
antenna
bad
type of
installatio
antenna
n
Target
too high
Macro:
ISD
coverage
too far
small, no
(>1km)
indoor and
Indoor: no
penetration
DAS/lamp
loss too high but hot spot
Change
antenna
Using antenna
gain too high (ex.
in highway).
Antenna
Lowering
Antenna height
too high even
down-tilt max
(Height/ISD
>5%).
New
Site/Easy
Macro/Comba
t
Strong
justification
based on
coverage /
quality /
capacity
2.
RF Analysis Workflow
Too much up-tilt with respect to target coverage area (planning), will result to bigger DL coverage but limited in UL coverage that result to poor
user experience. Generally mechanical tilt is standardized based on antenna height vs. ISD, then electrical tilt as a priority to balance the DL
coverage.
CPICH power must be on the 5%-10% range with respect to maximum DL power to maintain power balance in DL/UL and penetration loss.
High Antenna Height
High sites are defined as sites who are too high compared to the inter-site distance and coverage objective.
High sites will cause interference to other sites as the RF is harder to control from a high site. Also, will get too much traffic as they commonly
cover too large an area.
To initially produce potentially high sites, it is recommended to set parameters antenna height > 40m and with ratio antenna height / ISD > 5 or 6%.
3.
Overlap Coverage
Homogenous azimuth (with tolerance) is implemented for good site gridding/location and to avoid overlap coverage. 3 main azimuth rules as
below to avoid overlap coverage.
4.
Sites built on the mountain or mountain slopes tend to overshoot on the low lands due to high terrain with respect to sea level. The planning
team need to consider this scenario to apply proper antenna type (low gain) and height.
Antennas that are facing glass building/materials tend to reflect and overshoot. Need to re-pan or tilt in optimum coverage area to avoid reflection.
Planning and Engineering
Bad antenna positioning /installation- these sites have antennas mounted inappropriately for the coverage objective. This could be a result of
recent modifications to the site by other operators/entities or simply poor planning. Antennas mounted with fixed bracket cannot be down-tilted
which result to overshooting even with maximum electrical tilt.
5.