Rayleigh

Equation For
Distillation

WHAT IS
DIFFERENTIAL
DISTILLATION ?

Consider a binary mixture of A.

(more volatile) and B(less
volatile).
A system consists of batch of
liquid (fixed quantity) inside the
steam jacket and the condenser
to condense the vapor produced .

The condensed vapor is known

as
distillate.
the distillate is collected in the
condensate receiver.
The liquid remaining in the still
is known as the residual.

Simple material balance

for the above process:Time ,t =0 at the start of
distillation
Initial feed mixture
Total L1 moles
X1 mole fraction MVC

Time, t=T
End
of distillation
Remaining
mixture
(Residual)
Total L2 moles
X2 mole fraction
mvc

Distillate
product
total=(l1l2)moles
yavg mole

IN THIS PROCESS, subsequent collection

of distillate will yield the lower
concentration of mvc

The concentration changes can be

analyzed using the phase diagram and
detailed mathematical calculation carried

What is Rayleigh
Equation ?
The Rayleigh Equation is useful
in the analysis of simple
distillation, as it shows how the
concentration and quantity are
related.

Experiment:Differential Distillation

SCHEMATIC SETUP

Applications:
Solvent Recycling
General Purpose Fractional
Distillation
Flavor and Fragrance Fractional
Distillation
Essential Oil Fractional Distillation
Crude Oil and Petroleum Fractional
Distillation

CONCLUSIO
N:
Simple distillation, also known as
Rayleigh distillation or differential
distillation
It is the most elementary example of
batch distillation. In this distillation
system, the vapour is removed from the
still during a particular time interval and
is condensed in the condenser.

The more volatile component is richer in

the vapour than in the liquid remaining in the
still.
Over time, the liquid remaining in the still
begins to experience a decline in the
concentration of the more volatile
component, while the distillate collected in
the condenser becomes progressively more
enriched in the more volatile component.

Reference :1.
2.
3.
4.

H:\distillation\Packed Column Distillation

Equipment.mht
H:\distillation\Rayleigh Equation.mht
H:\distillation\Simple Distillation Introduction.mht
H:\distillation\What is Differential Distillation,
Simple Distillation, Rayleigh
distillation,Rayleigh equation, material
Balance equation BASIC CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING OPERATIONS.mht