The Laplace Transform

The s-Domain
f (t ) F ( s)
The Laplace Transform of a function, f(t), is defined as;

L[ f (t )] F ( s )

f (t )e

st

dt

The Inverse Laplace Transform is defined by

j

1
L [ F ( s )] f (t )
2 j
1

ts

F ( s )e ds

Cont
st
Laplace Transform of f (t ) e u (t )

1
F ( s)
sa
Laplace Transform of the unit step.

1
L[u (t )]
s

Laplace Transform Pairs

Cont

Cont

Yes !

Laplace Transform Properties

Examples
Find laplace transform !

1. e

2 t

cos 6t 5 sin 6t

2. t sin at
d cos3t
3.
dt

s
6
3s 30
1. 3 2
5 2
2
s 36
s 36 s 36

3 s 2 30
3s 24

2
2
s 2 36 s 4s 40

d
a
2as
2. 2

2
2
2 2
ds s a
s a

s
9
3. s 2 1 2
s 9
s 9

Inverse Laplace Transforms

Background:
There are three cases to consider in doing the partial fraction expansion of F(s).

Case 1: F(s) has all non repeated simple roots.

k
k
k
n
1
2
F ( s)

. . .
s p
s p
s p
1
2
n

Case 2: F(s) has complex poles:

P (s)
k
1
1
F (s)

Q ( s)( s j )( s j ) s j
1

k*
1

. . .
s j )

Case 3: F(s) has repeated poles.

P ( s)
k
k
k
P ( s)
1
11
12
1
r
F ( s)

. . .
. . . 1
s p
Q (s)
Q ( s )( s p ) r
(s p )2
(s p )r
1
1
1
1
1
1

Case 1: Illustration:
Given:

A3
A1
A2
4( s 2)
F ( s)

( s 1)( s 4)( s 10) ( s 1) ( s 4) ( s 10)

Find A1, A2, A3 from Heavyside
A1

( s 1)4( s 2)
| 4 27
( s 1)( s 4)( s 10) s 1

A3

A2

( s 4)4( s 2)
49
|
( s 1)( s 4)( s 10) s 4

( s 10)4( s 2)
16 27
|
( s 1)( s 4)( s 10) s 10

f ( t ) (4 27)e t (4 9)e 4 t ( 16 27)e 10t u( t )

Case 2: Complex Roots:

F ( s)

F(s) is of the form;

P1 ( s )

K1

Q1 ( s )( s j )( s j ) s j

K 1*

s j )

K1 is given by,

K1

( s j ) P1 ( s )

Q1 ( s ) ( s j )( s j )

K 1 | K 1 | | K 1 | e

|s j

...

Case 2: Complex Roots:

K1

s j

K 1*

s j

| K1 | e

s j

| K 1e

s j

j
| K | e j
|
K
|
e
j t jt
j t jt
1
1
1

|K| e e
e
e
e
e

1
s j
s j

e j ( t ) e j ( t )
j t jt
j t jt

at

|K| e e
e
e
e
e
2| K | e

1
1
2

Case 2: Complex Roots:

Therefore:
j
| K | e j
|
K
|
e
1
L1
1
s j
s j

2 | K | e t cos( t )
1

You should put this in your memory:

Complex Roots: An Example.

For the given F(s) find f(t)
F ( s)

( s 1)
( s 1)

s( s 2 4 s 5)
s( s 2 j )( s 2 j )

K1
K 1*
A
F ( s)

s s2 j s2 j
A

( s 1)

|
( s 2 4 s 5) | s 0

K1

( s 1)
2 j 1
0.32 108o
|| s 2 j
s( s 2 j )
( 2 j )( 2 j )

1
5

Complex Roots: An Example.

(continued)

We then have;

0.2 0.32 108o 0.32 108o

F ( s)

s
s2 j
s2 j

Recalling the form of the inverse for complex roots;

f (t ) 0.2 0.64 e 2t cos(t 108o ) u (t )

Circuit theory problem:

You are given the circuit shown below.

t = 0

12 V

+_

6 k

v (t)

+
_

100 F

3 k

Use Laplace transforms to find v(t) for t > 0.

Circuit theory problem:

We see from the circuit,

t = 0

12 V

6 k

+_

v (0) 12 x

v (t)

3
4 volts
9

+
_

100 F

3 k

Take the Laplace transform

of this equations including
the initial conditions on vc(t)

dvc ( t )
RC
vc (t ) 0
dt

Circuit theory problem:

v c(t)

+
_

100 F

i(t)

3 k

6 k

dvc ( t )
vc t

0
dt
RC
dvc ( t )
5v c t 0
dt

Circuit theory problem:

dvc ( t )
dt

5 vc ( t ) 0

sVc ( s ) 4 5Vc ( s ) 0
4
Vc ( s )
s5
vc ( t ) 4 e 5 t u( t )

Tentukan transformasi laplacenya !

Tentukan invers transformasi laplacenya !

Tentukan besarnya i(t) !