INDUSTRIAL

SAFETY AND
(6 MARKS)
LEGISLATIVE ACTS

Safety Management:
Safety management is managing business

activities andapplying principles, framework,

processes to helpprevent accidents, injuries
and to minimize other risk.
A safety management system is a systematic
approach to managing safety, including
organisational structures, accountabilities,
policies and procedures.

Causes of Accidents:
The industrial safety experts have
classified the various causes of
accidents into three broad categories:
1. Unsafe Conditions
2. Unsafe Acts
3. Other Causes

Unsafe Acts:
Industrial accidents occur due to certain acts on the part of

workers. These acts may be the result of lack of knowledge or

skill on the part of the worker, certain bodily defects and wrong
attitude.
Examples of these acts are:
(a) Operating without authority.
(b) Failure to use safe attire or personal protective equipments,
(c) Careless throwing of material at the work place.
(d) Working at unsafe speed, i.e., too fast or too low.
(e) Using unsafe equipment, or using equipments unsafely.
(f) Removing safety devices.
(g) Taking unsafe position under suspended loads.
(h) Distracting, teasing, abusing, quarrelling, day-dreaming,
horseplay
(i) Ones own accident prone personality and behaviour.

Other Causes:

These causes arise out of unsafe

situational and climatic conditions

and variations. These may include
excessive noise, very high
temperature, humid conditions, bad
working conditions, unhealthy
environment, slippery floors,
excessive glare, dust and fume,
arrogant behaviour of domineering
supervisors, etc.

Types of Accidents:
Accidents may be of different types

depending upon the severity,

durability and degree of the injury. An
accident causing death or permanent
or prolonged disability to the injured
employee is called major accident. A
cut that does not render the
employee disabled is termed as
minor accident.

Preventive Measures for industrial

accidents :
1. Safe working Methods-safety first
2. Proper selection of workers Disciplined, mentally stable,
emotionally balanced
3. Training for safe working4. Accident Prone Areas5. Safety devices Helmets, goggles, breath purifiers,
pads, hand gloves, safety shoes, aprons
6. Safety Programme
7. Safety Provisions
8. Promoting safety awareness in employees

1. Proper safety measures

The proper safety
measures should be
adopted to avoid
accidents Government
also provides guidelines
for enacting measures for
checking accidents, these
should be properly
followed.

2.Proper selection:
Any wrong selection of workers will create
problems later on. Sometime employees
are accident prone, they may not be
properly suitable for the particular jobs. So
the selection of employees should be on
the basis of properly devised tests so that
their suitability for jobs is determined.

8. Safety training:

The workers should be given

training regarding safety
measures. They should know the
hazards of the machines, the
areas of accident proneness and
the good working possible
precautions in case of some

Safety Procedures:
Develop ,establish and maintain plans for

safety
Define policies for administration of a safety
programme
Providing accident prevention guidance
Developing safety education, award
programmes.
Reviewing documents related to safety
Understanding legal systems related to
accidents and deciding policies
Providing safety engineering

1.Providing and maintaining

safe machines and systems of
work for supported employees:
How can we
achieve this
in our
workplace?

3.Organising the safe use of

dangerous goods and hazardous
chemicals:

3.Controlling hazards such

as
dust, noise and fumes

4.Providing hygiene
facilities such as toilets and
change rooms

Industrial legislation
Employer and employees are the two

parties across the table. Relationship

between these two is very important for the
development and the survival of any
organization.
Industrial acts, initially called as labour
legislation had a protective function dealing
with wages, working conditions, social
interests, industrial peace etc. it thus gives
legal framework to relationship between
employer and employees.

The progress of such legislation is mentioned below:

Industrial Acts
Factory act, ESI, Workmans compensation act and minimum

Factory act, ESI, Workmans compensation act and minimum wages

acts are some industrial acts wages acts are some industrial acts.
Indian Factory Act:
a) Facts:
1. Modifications in 1934 factory act
2. Passed in 1948
3. Last major ammendments in 1976
b) Aims:
1. To ensure adequate safety measures
2. To promote health and welfare of the workers employed in
factories
3. To prevent haphazard growth of factories
4. To consolidate and amend the laws for regulating labour in the
factories in India
5. The licensing and registration of the factories

Main provisions:
1. All provisions are related to:
Health & safety
Welfare & development
Duration of work
Young & women workers
Leave structure
2. Appointment of labour welfare officers in the factory consisting
of minimum 500 workers
3. Rights of labour welfare officers are given to State government
4. Working duration: Special facts:
Adult: 48 hrs/week
Child: 45 hrs/week
Women and children- prohibited to work during night (7
p.m. to 6 a.m.). But amendment is possible in this last
fact.

5. Conditions stipulated in factory Act to hygiene

of workers
Cleanliness
Ventilation and temerature
Artificial humidification
Over crowding
Lighting
Drinking water
Latrines
spittions

6. Safety provisions
7. Welfare Measures stipulated in factory Act
Washing Facilities
Sitting Facility
First aid Appliances
Canteen
Creches
Welfare Facilities

Workmans compensation act:

1. Facts:
a. Passed in 1924
b. Few major amendments in 1962, 1976 and
1986
2. Aim:
To compensate employees against accidents
occurred in the industry premises.

Workmans compensation act:

3. Main Provisions
a) Provisions related to entitlement, rates,coverage
of dependents and distribustion of compensation
b) Compensation is not extending to
c) The rates of compensation on the injury results
i.e. death,permanent disablement etc
d) Amount of compensation
) Death After Injury(80,000)
) Permanent Total Disablement(90,000)
) Permanent partial Disablement

Minimum wages act:

1. Facts:
1. Passed in 1948.
2. Allocable to the entire country.
3. Recent amendments in 1988.
2. Aim:
To ensure that employed persons are not subjected
to exploitative wages by the employers
This defines the minimum wage payment for certain
employments.It aims to provide fair wages

3. Definations
I. Cost of living index
II. Wages: all remunerations capable of being
)
)
)
)
)

expressed interms of money

House accomodation
Light bill
Medical expenses
Pf or pension contribustion
Gratuity payable on discharge

4. Main provisions
Fixation of minimum wages
Procedure for fixing and revising minimum
wages
Advisory board
Composition of committees
Claims
Penalties