Regression and

Correlation Analysis
Prepared By:
Jhonalyn P. Valles RM,RN

Introduction
Regression Analysis describes the effect of one or more
characters (independent variable) on a single character
(dependent variable) by expressing the latter as a
function of the former
Regression analysis involves identifying the relationship
between a dependent variable and one or more
independent variables. A model of the relationship is
hypothesized, and estimates of the parameter values are
used to develop an estimated regression equation

Regression Analysis
Regression analysis can be
classified according to:

1. The number of independent

variables
2. The form of the functional
relationship between the dependent
variable and the independent variable

Regression Analysis
Regression analysis is termed as SIMPLE
when there is one independent variable; and
MULTIPLE when there is more than one
independent variable.
A regression analysis is termed LINEAR when
the relationship between the dependent variable
Y, and an independent variable X is linear that
is when the change in Y is constant for every
unit change in X, when the relationship does not
hold, regression analysis is termed
NONLINEAR

4 Types of Regression Analysis

1.
2.
3.
4.

Simple linear regression

Multiple Linear regression
Simple nonlinear regression
Multiple nonlinear regression

Simple Linear
Regression

Simple Linear Regression

Simple Linear Regression involves only one

independent variable, and the relationship between
the dependent variable Y and independent variable
X is known or assumed linear.

 Simple linear regression is the simplest of

the four types of regression analysis
It is also the most common commonly used
regression technique in agricultural research
Simple regression analysis is usually applied
to data from controlled experiments where
many factors are deliberately kept constant
while only the one or two factors being
investigated are allowed to vary.

Example
In a nitrogen fertilizer trial, for example, all other
factors that can affect yield, such as phosphorus
and potassium application, plant population,
variety, weed control, and all other management
inputs, are carefully controlled throughout the
experiment. Only nitrogen rate is varied.
Consequently, the assumption that nitrogen level
is the major determinant of yield is satisfied.

A simple linear relationship can be expressed

mathematically as:

Y= + X

Where:
= the intercept of the line on the Y-axis
= the slope of the line indicating the
change in Y for
each unit change in X
= Usually referred to as the linear
regression coefficient

 In most agricultural researches, the objective is to

determine the response in Y as a result of changes
in X. Hence, the parameter of major interest is
usually the regression coefficient , . Since if =
0, the implication is that Y does not depend on X.
In a simple linear regression, therefore, we usually
test the hypothesis that = 0. This hypothesis is
called the null hypothesis and is written:

H 0: = 0

Homogeneity of regression coefficients

As mentioned previously, the simple linear regression technique is
most appropriate where only one independent variable is allowed
to vary while the others are held constant.
This is easily satisfied in single-factor is tested, each at several
levels. But the simple linear regression technique is still applicable
to data from factorial experiments provided the analysis is applied
several times once to each set of data coming from experimental
units where only one factor varies. For example, in an experiment
to test the performance of 4 improved rice varieties under several
levels of nitrogen fertilization, the simple linear regression
technique can be used to estimate the yield response to nitrogen
for each of the four varieties separately.

THANK YOU