CHAPTER 3

SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

LESSON TWO

Finding The Mean And

Variance Of The Sampling
Distribution Of Means

STARTING POINT : ENTRY CARD

Rolling a Die
The following are the data obtained from
rolling a die several times. Compute the mean
and variance of the frequency distribution.
A.

Outcomes

Number of Occurrence

12

STARTING POINT : ENTRY CARD

Mean and Variance of the Probability Distribution.
Find the mean and the variance of the following
probability distribution.
B.

P (X)

0.237

0.317

0.178

0.157

0.070

0.026

0.015

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND VARIANCE

OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE
MEANS

Consider a population consisting of 1,2,3,4

and 5. Suppose samples of size 2 are drawn
from this population.

Describe the sampling distribution of the

sample means.
What is the mean and variance of the
sampling distribution of the sample means?
Compare these values to the mean and
variance of the population.
Draw the histogram of the sampling
distribution of the population mean.

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND VARIANCE

OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE
MEANS

1.

Compute the mean of the population ()

Solution :

3.00

Therefore, the mean of the population is 3.00

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND

VARIANCE OF THE SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS
2. Compute the variance of the population ().
Solution :
X-

(X - )2

-2

-1

4
(X - )2 = 10

2 =

=2

The variance of
the population is 2.

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND VARIANCE

OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE
MEANS
3. Determine the number of possible samples of
size n=2.
Solution :
Use the formula NCn. Here N=5 and n = 2.
5

C2 = 10

There are 10 possible sample of size 2 that can

be drawn.

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND VARIANCE OF

THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS
4. List all possible samples and their corresponding means.
Samples

Mean

1,2

1.50

1,3

2.00

1,4

2.50

1,5

3.00

2,3

2.50

2,4

3.00

2,5

3.50

3,4

3.50

3,5

4.00

4,5

4.50

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND VARIANCE

OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE
MEANS

5. Construct the sampling distribution of the

sample means.
Sampling Distribution of Sample Means
Sample Mean
XX

Frequency

Probability
P (XX)

1.50

1/10

2.00

1/10

2.50

1/5

3.00

1/5

3.50

1/5

4.00

1/10

4.50

1/10

Total

10

1.00

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND VARIANCE

OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE
MEANS

6. Compute the mean of the sampling

distribution of the sample mean (XX). Follow
these steps :
a.

b.

Multiply the sample mean by the corresponding

Sample
Probability
XX . P (XX)
probability.
Mean
Add the results.
XX

P (XX)

1.50

1/10

0.15

2.00

1/10

0.20

2.50

1/5

0.50

3.00

1/5

0.60

3.50

1/5

0.70

4.00

1/10

0.40

4.50

1/10

0.45

Total

1.00

3.00

Solutions:
XX . P (XX)
= 3.00
The mean of the
sampling
distribution of
sample means is
3.00

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND VARIANCE OF

THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS

7. Compute the variance of the sampling

distribution of the sample means. Follow these
steps :
a.

b.
c.

d.

Subtract the population mean from each

sample mean . Label this as XX -.
Square the difference. Label this as (XX -)2.
Multiply the results by the corresponding
probability. Label this as P (XX). (XX -)2
Add the results.

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND VARIANCE OF

THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS

Solutions:
XX

P (XX)

XX -

(XX -)2

P (XX). (XX
-)2

1.50

1/10

-1.50

2.25

0.225

2.00

1/10

-1.00

1.00

0.100

2.50

1/5

-0.50

0.25

0.050

3.00

1/5

0.00

0.00

0.000

3.50

1/5

0.50

0.25

0.050

4.00

1/10

1.00

1.00

0.100

4.50

1/10

1.50

2.25

0.225

Total

1.00

P(XX). (XX -)2

= 0.75
The variance the sampling distribution is 0.75

0.750

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND VARIANCE OF THE

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS
8. Construct the histogram for the sampling distribution of
the sample means.
0.25
0.2
Probability XX
0.15
0.1
0.05
0

1.5

2.5

3.5

Sample Mean XX

4.5

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 2 : SAMPLE MEANS

FROM A FINITE POPULATION

1.

Compute the mean of the population ()

Solution :

3.00

Therefore, the mean of the population is 3.00

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 2 : SAMPLE MEANS

FROM A FINITE POPULATION
2. Compute the variance of the population ().
Solution :
X-

(X - )2

-2

-1

4
(X - )2 = 10

2 =

=2

The variance of
the population is 2.

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 2 : SAMPLE MEANS FROM A

FINITE POPULATION
3. Determine the number of possible samples of
size n=2.
Solution :
Use the formula NCn. Here N=5 and n = 2.
5

C2 = 10

There are 10 possible sample of size 2 that can

be drawn.

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 2 : SAMPLE MEANS FROM

A FINITE POPULATION
4. List all possible samples and their corresponding means.
Samples

Mean

1,2,3

2.00

1,2.4

7/4 = 2.33

1,2,5

8/3 = 2.67

1,3,4

8/3 = 2.67

1,3,5

3.00

1,4,5

10/3 = 3.33

2,3,4

3.00

2,3,5

10/3 = 3.33

2,4,5

11/3 = 3.67

3,4,5

4.00

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 2 : SAMPLE MEANS FROM

A FINITE POPULATION
5. Construct the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
Sampling Distribution of Sample Means
Sample Mean
XX

Frequency

Probability
P (XX)

2.00

1/10

7/3

1/10

8/3

1/5

3.00

1/5

10/3

1/5

11/3

1/10

4.00

1/10

Total

10

1.00

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 2 : SAMPLE MEANS FROM

A FINITE POPULATION
6. Compute the mean of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean (XX). Follow
these steps :
a.

b.

Multiply the sample mean by the corresponding

Sample
Probability
XX . P (XX)
probability.
Mean
Add the results.
XX

Solutions:
XX . P (XX)
= 3.00
The mean of the
sampling
distribution of
sample means is
3.00

P (XX)

1/10

1/5

7/3

1/10

7/30

8/3

1/5

8/15

1/5

3/5

10/3

1/5

2/3

11/3

1/10

11/30

4.00

1/10

2/5

Total

1.00

3.00

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 2 : SAMPLE MEANS FROM

A FINITE POPULATION
7. Compute the variance of the sampling
distribution of the sample means. Follow these
steps :
a.

b.
c.

d.

Subtract the population mean from each

sample mean . Label this as XX -.
Square the difference. Label this as (XX -)2.
Multiply the results by the corresponding
probability. Label this as P (XX). (XX -)2
Add the results.

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 2 : SAMPLE MEANS FROM

A FINITE POPULATION
Solutions:
XX

P (XX)

XX -

(XX -)2

P (XX). (XX
-)2

1/10

-1

1/10

7/3

1/10

-2/3

4/9

2/45

8/3

1/5

-1/3

1/9

1/45

1/5

0.00

10/3

1/5

1/3

1/9

1/45

11/3

1/10

2/3

4/9

2/45

1/10

1/10

Total

1.00

1/3 = 0.33

2x P(XX). (XX -)2

= 0.33
The variance the sampling distribution is 0.33

IN CLASS ACTIVITY 1 : MEAN AND VARIANCE OF THE

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS
8. Construct the histogram for the sampling distribution of
the sample means.
0.25
0.2
Probability XX
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
Sample Mean XX

 Summary of activities and comparison of the means and variances of

the population and the sampling distribution of the means.
Activity 1

Activity 2

Population
(N = 5)

Sampling
Distribution of
the Sample
means
(n = 2)

Population
(N = 5)

Sampling
Distribution of
the Sample
means
(n = 2)

Variance

2 2.00

2x 0.75

2x 2.00

2x 0.33

Standard
Deviation

1.41

x 0.87

1.41

x 0.57

Mean

The
variance of the sampling distribution is

obtained by using a formula, 2X = .

This formula holds when the population is
finite.

Finite Population is one that consists of a

finite or fixed number of the elements
measurement, or observations.
Infinite Population contains, hypothetically
at least an infinite elements.
- is called the finite population correction
factor in which in general when the population
is large and the sample size is small, the factor
is not used since it is very close to 1.

PROPERTIES OF THE SAMPLING

DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEAN
possible samples of size n are drawn from a population of size
If
N all
with mean and the variance 2 then the sampling distribution of
the means has the following properties:

1.

2.

3.

The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means is

equal to population mean . That is, XX =.
The variance of the sampling distribution of the means is given :
2X = for finite population and
2X = for infinite population
The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample
means is given by :
X = for finite population where is the finite population
correction factor
X = for infinite population

 The

Standard Error Of The Mean

is the standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of the sample
means.

It

measures the degree of accuracy of

the sample mean as an estimate of the
population mean.

good estimate of the mean is

obtained if the standard error of the
mean is a small or close zero.

poor estimate , if the standard error

THE CENTRAL LIMIT

THEOREM

if the random sample of size

n are drawn from a population,
then as n becomes larger, the
sampling distribution of means
approaches the normal
distribution, regardless of the
shape of the population
distribution

IN- CLASS ACTIVITY 3 : DESCRIBING THE

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEAN
FROM AN INFINITE POPULATION.

Example 1.
A population has a mean of 60 and a standard
deviation of 5. A random sample of 16
measurements is drawn from this population.
Describe the sampling distribution of the
sample means by computing its mean and
standard deviation

IN- CLASS ACTIVITY 3 : DESCRIBING THE

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE
MEAN FROM AN INFINITE POPULATION.

1. Identify the given information.

Solution :

= 60, = 5, and n = 16
2. Find the mean of the sampling distribution. Use the
property that XX =
Solution :
XX =
= 60
3. Find the standard deviation of the sampling distribution.
Use the property that X =
Solution :

X == = 5/4 = 1.25

EXERCISES

a.

Find the finite population correction

factor given the following :
a. N= 200, n = 10
b. N = 2000, n = 10
c. N = 400, n = 40
d. N = 500, n = 10
e. N = 200, n = 20

EXERCISES
B. Consider all samples of size 5 from this population:
2 5

10 11 12 13

1.

Compute the mean () and the standard deviation () of the population.

2.

List all samples of sizes 5 and compute the mean

3.

Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means

4.

5.

(XX) for each sample.

Calculate the mean (XX ) of the sampling distribution of the sample

means. Compare this to the mean of the population.
Calculate the standard deviation ( X ) of the sampling distribution of
the sample means. Compare this to the standard deviation of the
population.

EXERCISES
C. Solve the following problems. Assume that the
population is infinite in each case.
1.

The scores of individual students on national test

have a normal distribution with mean 18.6 and
standard deviation 5.9. At Federico Ramos Rural High
School, 76 students took the test. If the scores at this
school have the same distribution as national scores,
what are the mean and standard deviation of the
sample mean for 76 students?

2.

A random sample of n= 60 measurements id

obtained from a population with = 192 and = 43.
Describe the sampling distribution for the sample
means by computing the XX and X .