ROOT & STEM

MORPHOLOGY
(INCLUDING MODIFICATIONS)
Made byV.V.S.S.PREETI
Sr. MEDICON -1
Roll no- 33

WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY?
Morphology is the study of

External features of plants,

Arrangement,
Relationship
Of organs.
The underground part of
flowering plant is the root
system while the portion
above the ground forms
the shoot system.
Plant has vegetative and
reproductive organs

Vegetative Organs
Roots
Stems
Leaves

THE ROOT

LOCATION- grows
underground

TYPES OF ROOTS1) Primary- formed

directly from axis of
embryo plant.
2) Lateral- arises from
primary.

TYPES

OF

ROOT

SYSTEMS

TAP ROOTS

FIBROUS ROOTS

ADVENTIOUS
ROOTS

Prominent in dicot

Prominent in
monocots

They develop from

organs

Primary roots grow &

becomes stout.

Roots develop from

lower nodes

Of shoot system

Secondary & tertiary

grow from primary root

They have same

length & diameter

Function of roots
Anchor

the
plant
Absorb
water
and
mineral
s from
soil
Storage

Fig. 38.21

STORAGE
SWOLLEN
TAP
ROOTS
FUSIFORM-eg:raddish
NAPIFORMeg:beetroot
CONICAL
-eg;carrot

ROOTS
SWOLLEN ADVENTIOUS
ROOTS

FASICULATED-eg
asparagus
NODULATED -eg: ginger
MONILIFORM-eg:
grasses
Sweet potato

IN
PROP
BANYAN
TREE,
Branches
give off
roots that
grow into
the soil &
support
the
branches

ROOTS

STILT
IN
SCREWPIN
E short
roots grow
obliquely
downward
from near
base of
stem

ROOTS

CLIMBING
IN climbers
like PEPPER
& BETEL
NUT,
adventitious
roots are
formed at
nodes which
help in
climbing.

ROOTS

EPIPHYTIC
IN VANDA,
Base of
tissue grows
spongy
tissue
termed
velamen
that absorbs
moisture
from the air

ROOTS

CONTRAC TILE
IN
COLACASIA
,
They posses
roots that
contract so
underground
roots are
kept at
proper levels.

ROOTS

FLOATING
IN JUSSIAEA
roots are
white,
spongy
filled with
air.
Help plants
to float

ROOTS

BREATHING
IN
AVICENNIA,
Roots grow
into vertical
branches that
have openings
called
Pneumetaphore
s

for root
aeration.

ROOTS

REORODUCTIVE ROOTS
Exposed
roots of
MURRAYA
Have
adventitiou
s buds
which grow
into new
plants.

PARASITIC

IN CUSCUTA
Haustoria
Penetrate
into host
stem & enter
vascular
bundles
which absorb
materials.

ROOTS

ASSIMILATORY
IN
TRAPA,
Adventious
roots with
chlorophyllo
us tissue
capable of
photosynthe
sis.

ROOTS

FOLIAR

IN
BRYOPHYLLU
M
Roots arise
from lamina,
petiole,veins

ROOTS

TUBERCULAR
IN
SWEET
POTATO
Lateral
roots are
swollen &
Without
definite
shape.

ROOTS

THE STEM
The stem grows
erect
& lifts the leaves ,
exposing them to
sunlight.it also
conducts materials
from roots to leaves.
Based on nature of
stem,plants are
divided into
herbs,shrubs & trees

Function of Stems
support

leaves to
maximize
light
absorption
part of
conduit for
transport of
water,
minerals,
and organic
solutes
storage

UNDERGROUND MODIFICATIONS OF STEM

BULB
Dry scale leaves,
Tunicated,
Stem is small
reduced & disk
shaped.

RHIZOMES
Grows
horizontally,
Elongated.stem
nature is evident
from
CATAPHYLLS.

POTATO
STEM

TUBER
In potato,
An aerial branch
grows downward
&stores food
CORM

In amorphophyllus
Stem is
massive,swollen,
Held in position by
contractile roots

AMORPHOPHYLLUS

SUBARIEL MODIFICATIONS FOR

VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION
RUNNER
In Strawberry
Axillary buds
from lowest
leaves give rise
to modified
branches.

STOLON
They grow
upwards
Like ordinary
branches & arch
down to meet
soil.

STOLON

MENTHA arvensis

EICHHORNIA

SUCKER

In mentha
It goes up &
forms a
daughter plant
after striking
root

OFFSET

It is shorter &
thicker
Found in
aquatic plants

SUCKER

OFFSET

ARIEL MODIFICATIONS OF STEM

TENDRILS

IN grapes
Axillary bud is
modified into
tendrils.
CLADOPHYLL

/
PHYLLOCLADE
The entire
shoot is
flattend & leaf
like.

CLADODE

BULBIL

CLADODE

Branch of a
single internode
which is
flattened to
stimulate a leaf
like.
BULBIL
IN DIOSCOREA

It

is a modified
floral bud which
becomes
vegetative.
ACACIA

DIOSCOREA

THANK

THE

YOU!

END