Presentation on

HEATING
VENTILATION
AND
AIR CONDTIONING
Group 6
Aishwarya Jha | Ankit Chugh | Jatin Garg
Mrigank Malik | Rahul Sharma

CONTENT

Introduction to HVAC
History of HVAC
Need of HVAC
Heating
Ventilation
Air conditioning process
Types of installation
Recent Development in HVAC
Advantages & Disadvantages
Applications of HVAC
Conclusion

WHAT IS HVAC?
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning

Introduction to HVAC
Systems
This article introduces the heating, ventilating and airconditioning (HVAC) systems. The primary function of
HVAC systems is to provide healthy and comfortable
interior conditions for occupants; well-designed, efficient
systems do this with minimal non-renewable energy and
air, and water pollutant emissions.

NEED OF HVAC SYSTEM

Improvement of the air quality
Moisture regulation
Depression
Maintenance of the constant temperature throughout
the year
Energy conservation

HVAC System Components

Wheres
the fresh
air
duct ?!?!!

HVAC System
Components

1.Chiller
The liquid is drawn
from the tank,
pumped through
thechillerand back
to the tank. In
industrial
waterchillersis
the use of water
cooling instead of
air cooling. In this
case the condenser
does not cool the
hot refrigerant with
ambient air, but
uses water that is
cooled by a cooling

2. Cooling Tower
An HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning)cooling toweris
used to dispose of ("reject") unwanted heat from a chiller. Watercooledchillers are normally more energy efficient than air-cooled chillers
due to heat rejection totowerwater at or near wet-bulb temperatures.
Chiller Refrigerant
Cycle

Compressor

Condenser

HVAC System
Components
3. Boiler
the mainfunctionof
aboileris to heat
water to generate
steam.
TheHVAC boilers that
are of high
performance make use
of the pressure that is
generated and
circulate it in the
system.

4. Air Handling Unit (AHU)

An air handler is usually a large metal box containing a blower,
heating or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound
attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers usually connect to a
ductwork ventilation system that distributes the conditioned air
through the building and returns it to theAHU

Supply Duct

Fan

Vibration
Connection

Cooling
Coil

Filter
Sectio
n

Return
Duct

HVAC System
Components

5. VAV (Variable Air Volume)

Variable Air Volume(VAV)
is a type of heating,
ventilating, and/or airconditioning (HVAC) system.
Unlike constant air volume
(CAV) systems, which supply
a constant airflow at a
variable
temperature,VAVsystems
vary the airflow at a
constant temperature.

HVAC System
Components

6. Ductworks & Air Terminals

WHAT ARE BTUS AND EERS

BTU or British Thermal Units, are the amount of heat
required to raise the temp. of one pound of water, 1
degree Fahrenheit. 1 ton= 12,000BTU.
EER is Energy Efficiency Rating and tells you the
BTU rating over the wattage. The higher the EER, the
better the energy efficiency, but it will probably cost
more.

HEATING
CONVECTION-Collective movement of groups
of molecules within fluids , through diffusion
CONDUCTION
-Transfer
of internal
energy by
microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles within a body
due to a temperature gradient.
RADIATION- Electromagnetic waves (EMR) travel through
a vacuum or through matter-containing media.

GENERATION OF HEAT
Heaters exist for various types of fuel, including solid
fuels, liquids, and gases.
Another type of heat source is electricity, typically
heating ribbons made of high resistance wire.
This principle is also used for baseboard heaters and
portable heaters.

Electrical heaters are often used as backup or

supplemental heat for heat pump systems.

DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT

WATER/STEAM Piping is used to transport the heat to the rooms.

Modern hot water boiler heating systems have a
circulator, which is a pump, to move hot water through
the distribution system .
AIR Warm air systems distribute heated air through duct
work systems of supply and return air through metal or
fiberglass ducts.
Many systems use the same ducts to distribute air
cooled by an evaporator coil for air conditioning.

VENTILATION
MECHANICAL OR FORCEDProvided by an air
handler and used to control indoor air
quality.
Excess humidity, odours, and contaminants can often be
controlled via dilution or replacement with outside air.
Kitchens and bathrooms
NATURALventilation of a building with outside air without using fans
or other mechanical systems.
-reduces spread of diseases- tuberculosis, common cold.

IMPROVED VENTILATION
EFFECTIVENESS
Effective mixing of ventilation air within space
Net positive pressure in the southeast; exhaust from
appropriate spaces
Provide clean outdoor air, avoid:

loading docks
exhaust vents
plumbing stacks
waste collection
stagnant water

AIR CONDITIONING UNIT

An air conditioner is like a refrigerator without
the insulated box. It evaporates a refrigerant,
like Freon, to provide cooling.
Most Air Conditioners Have:
A compressor
An expansion valve
A hot coil (on the outside)
A chilled coil (on the inside)
Two fans
A control unit

COMPRESSOR
Heart of the system, belt driven pump that fastened to engine.
Responsible for compressing and transferring refrigerant.

Advantages:
Very high volumetric efficiency (almost 98%)
Lesser Noise and lighter compared to rotary compressor.

CONDENSER
Responsible for heat dissipation. The condenser is designed to
radiate heat.
Located in front of the radiator. Require good air flow when
system is in operation
Plate fin type heat exchanger with micro channels used.Very
compact and better heat transfer capability.
Hot compressed refrigerant vapour cools at constant pressure to
liquid.

EVAPORATOR
Heat absorption component.
Used remove heat from the inside of vehicle.
Secondary benefit - dehumidification.
Unconditioned air passes through a filter before entering the
evaporator.
Plate-fin evaporator with micro channels used.

BASIC REFRIGERATION CYCLE

HEAT PUMP (HP)

A machine or device that moves heat from one location (the
source) to another location (the mechanical work)
Can produce heating or cooling by reversing the direction of heat
flow

Can be used in:

Forced Air System
Hot Water System
Radiant Heat System

TYPES OF INSTALLATION
Window unit and packaged terminal
Split system
Mini Split System -typically produce 9,00036,000
BTU(9,50038,000 KJ) per hour of cooling.
Central air conditioning
Portable units-easily transported inside a home or
office ,capacities of about 5,00060,000 BTU/h
(1,80018,000 W output)

HVAC SYSTEMS
Central Forced air system
Air handling system
Hot water system
Zone control system
Radiant heat

CENTRAL FORCED AIR SYSTEM

Most common HVAC system circulates air through or
around heating and cooling devices.
A fan forces air into ducts
Supply ducts transport conditioned air into building
through diffusers or supply registers
Air is routed back to heating/cooling device through
return ducts

AIR HANDLING UNIT(AHU)

Device used to condition and circulate
air as part of an HVAC system
Large metal box containing a blower,
heating or cooling elements, filter, and
sound attenuators.
Connects to ductwork that distributes
the conditioned air through the
building and returns it to the AHU

AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU)

May need to supply heating, cooling, or both
A furnace generates heat
Fuel oil or natural gas
Electric heating elements
A refrigeration system absorbs heat
Air conditioner
Heat pump

AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU)

Smaller air handlers may contain a fuel-burning heater or a
refrigeration evaporator placed directly in the air stream
Large commercial air handling units contain coils that
circulate water
Boiler provides hot water or steam
Chiller provides chilled water

AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU)

Typical AHU components:
1. Supply duct
2. Fan compartment
3. Flexible connection
4. Heating and/or cooling coil
5. Filter compartment
6. Return and fresh air duct

HOT WATER SYSTEM

Water heated in boiler and circulated through pipes to
radiators
Requires plumbing rather than ductwork

ZONE CONTROL
SYSTEM
One heater and one
thermostat per room
No ductwork
Often used in hotel rooms

RADIANT HEAT
Supply heat directly to the floor,
wall, or ceiling
Hot water pipes or electric heating
element runs through building
component
Dependent on radiant heat
Heat transferred from hot
surface to people and objects

ADVANTAGES OF HVAC

1.
2.
3.

Conserves Energy
Regulates Moisture
Air Quality
Improvement.

DISADVANTAGES
OF HVAC
Initial installation cost is
high.
Primary disadvantage of
ductless air conditioners is
their cost.

APPLICATIONS OF HVAC
Free cooling during moderate temperatures (chiller
bypass).
Thermal storageisolation of storage tank
Water source heat pump pre cooler with isolation
Heating potable hot water (instantaneous heater)
Waste heat recovery from condenser water

CONCLUSION
Proper system design accounts for building type and
size, layout, surrounding area, the nature of activities
taking place, the number of occupants, climate and
other factors, making each situation distinct.
Optimizing system operation.
Making and analysing certain key measurements is
essential for optimizing the HVAC system
performance.