Antiviral Drugs

dr. Rachmat Hidayat, M.Sc.

Pharmacology Department
Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya
University

Bethram G
Katzung

Agents to Treat Herpes Simplex

Virus & Varicella-Zoster Virus
Acyclovir
Guanosine analogue, blocked nucleic
acid synthesis
Bioavilibility of oral : 15-20%
Half life : 2,5 3 hour
Ekskresi : kidney
Dosis : 5x400 mg for 5-7 days
(herpes), 5x800 mg for 7-10 days
(Varicella zoster)

Agents to Treat Herpes Simplex

Virus & Varicella-Zoster Virus
Valacyclovir : derivate of acyclovir;
converted to acyclovir rapidly after
oral administration via first pass
enzymayic in liver; resulting in serum
levels that are three to five times
greater than those achieved with oral
acyclovir.
Foscarnet : for acyclovir-resistant
HSV and VZV, CMV; IV formulation;
half-life 3-6 hour.

Agents to Treat
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Ganciclovir
Guanosine analog; blocked nucleic
acid synthesis.
Bioavailibility oral : poor; half life: 4
hours
Administration : IV induction 5 mg/kg
every 12 hours, maintanance 5
mg/kg /day; oral 3x 1 gr.
Valganciclovir : derivate ganciclovir;
oral bioavalibility 60%; taken with

Antiretroviral (HIV)

Antiretroviral (HIV)

Antiretroviral (HIV)

Antiretroviral (HIV)

Antiretroviral (HIV)

Antiretroviral (HIV)

Antihepatitis Viral

Antihepatitis Viral
Interferon Alfa
Cytokine that produces host cells,
imunomodulator & antiproliveratif
viral.
Half life: 2-5 hours; excretion :
kidney;
Pegylated interferon : slower
clearance in kidney.

AntiInfluenza Viral
Amantadine & Rimantadine
Tricyclic amine that block M2 proton ion channel
of viral particle, inhibit uncoating of viral.
Rimantadine :4-10x more active than
amantadine.
Amantadine : well absorbed, 67% protein
bound, half life 12-18 hours.
Rimantadine : well absorbed, 40% protein
bound, half life 24-36 hours.
Doses : 2x100 mg or 1x200 mg

AntiInfluenza Viral
Oseltamivir & Zanamivir
Neuramidase inhibitors, analogs sialic acid,
interfere with release of progeny influenza
virus from infected to new host cells.
Active against influenza A & B.
Oseltamivir : oral bioavailibility 80%, as
prodrug, dosage : 2x75 mg for 5 days,
excretion:kidney, half life : 6-10 hours.
Zanamivir : dosage : 2x10 mg for 5 days,
inhalation administration.

THANK YOU