Presentation on

GSM
PRESENTED BY:

Dr. Refat Kibria

Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Shah Jalal University of Science & Technology
Agenda
GSM profile

Cell Planning & Call Set Up

Handover
Wireless Systems
Wireless systems

GSM WCDMA SDR

CDMA AMPS

AMPS=
CDMA=
SDR= Advanced
Code
GSM=Software
Global
WCDMA= Division
Mobile
System Multiple
Dependent
Wide-band for Phone
RadioAccess
Mobile
CDMA System
Communication
GSM-900 Frequency Band

25 MHz 25 MHz

890 915 935 960

Uplink Downlink

MS to BTS BTS to MS
GSM Specification

Multiple access : TDMA and FDMA

Number of channels : 124
Users per channels : 7
Channel spacing : 200kHz
Modulation : GMSK
Channel bit rate : 270.833 kb/s
Some Definitions
MS : Mobile Station / Handset
BTS : Base Transceiver Station
BSC : Base Station Controller

MSC : Mobile Switching Center

PSTN : Public Switched Telephone Network

 GSM Mobile Communication Development

Mobile Multimedia
t Market
Data Service a rke
e t M
Market t e rn
In
e Voi ce
l
Mobi ket
Mar 3G
GSM Phase 2+
GSM Phase I HSCSD GPRS
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
 GSM Data Service
HSCSD EDGE
(57.6kbps) (384k/2M
& bps)
Voice GPRS
service (171.2kbps)

Data Data
Service Service

GSM Phase I GSM Phase II+

HSCSD: High Speed Circuit Switched Data

GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
EDGE: Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution
Agenda
GSM profile
Cell Planning & Call Set Up

Handover
 Purpose of GSM Network Planning
Cell Planning
Ensure the continuous coverage
Frequency Planning
Increase the capacity of radio network with limited
frequency band
Interference
Decrease interference from the same frequency
Opimization
Optimize the radio network parameters, enhance the
network quality
 Typical Cell Pattern 5
4 6 5
1 4 6
5
D
4 6
3
2
r 7
3
1
7
1 5 2
4 6
3 7
1
2
3 7
2

D / r = 3Nfrequency N=
Neighboring frequency
is 3 channel (600reuse
kHz) factor
separated
 GSM Network
PSTN
OMC-R BSC BTS

OMC-S

MSC
EIR
EIR BSC

HLR VLR AuC

AuC

NSS BSS
Network Sub System Base Sub System
BSS - Base Sub System 5
4 6
1
3 7
15GHz 2
Microwave link

Base
Transceiver
Station
BSC
Base 13GHz
Station Microwave link
Controller 900 MHz
Radio link
MSC - Mobile Switching Center
BSS HLR Home Location Register
PSTN
VLR Visitor Location Register
OMC-R
AuC Authentication Center
OMC-S
MSC EIR Equipment Identification
Register
EIR
EIR AuC
AuC OMC-R Operation / Maintenance
VLR Center - Radio
HLR
OMC-S Operation / Maintenance
Center - Switch
 Current GSM Network status

* GSM is widely used all over the world, GSM mobile

technology is fully developed.

* Large quantity of GSM subscribers GSM

CDMA
D-AMPS
* High capacity PDC

* New services arise CDMA

13% D-AMPS
10%
PDC
9%
GSM
68%
FDMA and TDMA in GSM / PCS
5
4 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
1
TDMA Frame
3 7
2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
FDMA
TDMA
Frequency Division
Time Division
Multiple Access
Multiple Access
Frequency
TDMA frame
Hopping
length and
= 4.615
Timemsslot
/ 8hopping
Time slot
 TDMA Frame Down link ( BTS to MS )

960 MHz
Time slot / TCH
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
25 MHz

200 KHz

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

935 MHz 1 Channel (One way)

TS 0 for signaling and synchronization

Speech rate 24.7 kb/s Max Subscriber is 7 / sector

960 MHz
Time slot / TCH
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
25 MHz

200 KHz

0 1 2 3 4 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

935 MHz
577 micro Seconds / 156.25 bits
Stealing Flag
1 Bit

Start Speech Training Speech Stop Guard

Bits Bits Bits Bits Bits Bits
3 Bits 57 Bits 26 Bits 57 Bits 3 Bits 8.25 bits
Call Setup
Each mobile set communicate with
MSC in every 5 seconds.

Update Location

Update signal strength

Prepare handover list
 MSC
BSC PSTN

Call Setup / Signal Flow

Channel Request ( RACH ) Set up
Channel Assignment (AGCH) RR Connection

Service request (RACH) Service

Indication
AuC request (SDCCH)
Authentication
AuC response (SDCCH)

Ciphering CMD (SDCCH) Transition to

Ciphered mode
Ciphering complete (SDCCH)
 MSC PSTN
BSC

Call setup / Signal Flow

Call Set up (SDCCH) Call Set up
Call processing (SDCCH)

TCH assign (SDCCH) TCH assign

TCH complete (SDCCH)
Alerting Call Confirm

Connect (TCH) Call accepted

Connect ack (TCH)
Agenda
GSM profile

Cell Planning & Call Set up

Handover
Call Handover
MS updates signal strength
every 5 seconds
MS prepare a Handover list.
4 / 6 neighboring Cells are
kept in the list
Handover threshold is determined
from OMC-R
 BTS-1 BSC-1 MSC PSTN

BTS-1 PSTN
BSC-1

BTS-2

MSC
VLR
BTS-3
HLR

BTS-4 BSC-2

BTS-5 Handover
 BTS-2 BSC-1 MSC PSTN

BTS-1 PSTN
BSC-1

BTS-2

MSC
VLR
BTS-3
HLR

BTS-4 BSC-2

BTS-5 Handover
 BTS-3 BSC-2 MSC PSTN

BTS-1 PSTN
BSC-1

BTS-2

MSC
VLR
BTS-3
HLR

BTS-4 BSC-2

BTS-5
Handover
 BTS-4 BSC-2 MSC PSTN

BTS-1 PSTN
BSC-1

BTS-2

MSC
VLR
BTS-3
HLR

BTS-4 BSC-2

BTS-5
Handover
Limitations of GSM-900
Small Bandwidth of only 25 MHz

Limited number of Channel

Interference
Co channel interference
Neighboring channel interference

Handover call drop / hard hand off