in India Paridhi Jha, PhD Student Department of Womens and Childrens Health, Uppsala University Class overview Learning about India
Pregnancy and child birth- factors influencing
maternal and newborn health: Socio-cultural, economic, physiological Statistics related to maternal and newborn health
Government policies to improve maternal and
newborn health Impact of policies on maternity care seeking trends in India About India India is the seventh largest country in the world geographically (3,287,240 sq. km) It is the second most populated country in the world (1.2 Billion population) The Country is divided into 33 states and 7 Union Territories States of India Vs. Countries of World
State in Populatio Country Populatio
India n n Uttar Pradesh 199.6 Brazil 195.4
Maharashtra 112.4 Japan 127.0
Bihar 103.8 Mexico 110.5
West Bengal 91.3 Philippines 93.6
Andhra Pradesh 87.4 Germany 81.4
Madhya 72.6 Turkey 72.7
Pradesh Tamil Nadu 72.1 Thailand 68.1
Rajasthan 68.6 France 62.8
Karnataka 61.1 United Kingdom 61.9
Factors Influencing Womens Health Socio- economical: Poverty, gender inequity, illiteracy, lack of awareness about diet, self perception, heavy work-load, accessibility to health care, socially and economically dependent on family. Cultural: Family norms, son preference, lack of control on own fertility, early wedding, religious practices: Fasting, avoiding certain food items Physiological: Anaemia, menorrhagea resulting from anaemia, early exhaution, National Statistics :Pregnancy and Childbirth S. Indicator Statistic Source N s o. 1 Age at marriage (in Years) 20 National Family Health Survey 2009
2 Knowledge about at least one 98 National Family
method of contraception Health Survey 2009 3 Percentage of women 95.6 National Family undergoing permanent family Health Survey 2009 planning 4 Antenatal coverage by a 70 National Family trained health care provider Health Survey 2009 during pregnancy (%) 5 Crude Birth Rate 22.5 National Family Health Survey 2009 6 Total Fertility Rate 2.6 National Family Health Survey 2009 National Statistics :Pregnancy and Childbirth S. Indicator Statistic Source N s o. 7 Maternal Mortality Ratio 212 Sample Registrar Survey 2010
8 Couple Protection rate (%) 40.4 Census 2011
9 Institutional child births (%) 80% Census 2011
10 Postnatal follow up No clear -
data Health care delivery system in India A complex three tier health care delivery system was introduced in the Country in 1980s to ensure best possible coverage of population in spite of geographical and socio- cultural challenges Health schemes by the Government for supporting women during pregnancy and child birth National Safe Motherhood Programme (1990s) Reproductive and Child Health programme (2000) Reproductive and Child Health programme 2: National Rural Health Mission (2005) Janani Suraksha Yojana (Saving Mothers Scheme) 108 ambulance services Changing Scenario Increasing awareness regarding pregnancy and childbirth services and womens entitlement. Exponential increase in numbers of child birth in Institutions. Increased public- private partnerships.
Increased cesarean sections across the Country.
Labour rooms and maternity wards not equipped
to meet rising demand of institutional child births.
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