Supported by:-

MS.DEEPSHIKHA GARG
(HOD CHEM.SESGI)

PRESENTED
DEEPAK ATREY
ADITYA AGRAWAL
SOME BASIC TERMINOLGYS

A POLYMER is compound of high molecules mass

formed by combination of small molecules.
IN this the small molecules which constitute the
repeating units in a polymer are called
MONOMER.
The process by which the monomers are
transferred into polymer is called
POLYMERISATION.
For BETTER understanding
we can see the following
example:

n CH2 = CH2 (-CH 2 CH2-)n

Ethylene Polyethylene

Multiple units of ethylene are used to form

POLY-ETHENE . These multiple units of
ethylene are called as MONOMER UNITS .
TYPES OF
POLYMERIZATON
3.CO-POLYMER:-
IT IS A JOINT POLYMER OF TO OR
MORE SPECIES. E.G.:-POLYURETHANE
FOR Eg:
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + CH2=CH
BUTADIENE STYRENE

CH 2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH
2

STYRENE-BUTADIENE
CLASSIFICATION OF
POLYMERS
 Classification Based On
Structure Of Polymers

secondary
bonding

Linear Branched Cross-Linked Network

PLASTICS
Plastics are high molecular
weight organic compound.
Plastics are relatively new
materials of construction
Which found extensive industrial
applications.
THERMOPLASTIC
SOFTENS ON HEATING AND HARDENS ON
COOLING REVERSIBLY.
CONTAIN GENERALLY LONG CHAINS WITH
LITTLE CROSS-LINK.
CAN BE REMOULDED.
SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENT.
CAN BE RECLAIMED FROM WASTE.
EXAMPLE:
n(CH2 =CH2 ) HEAT (CH2C
H2)n
ETHENE
THERMO-SETTING
HARDENS ON COOLING IRREVERSIBLY.
CONTAINS 3-D STRUCTURE HAVING A LOT OF
CROSS-LINK.
CANNOT BE REMOULDED.
INSOLUBLE IN ALOMOST ALL ORGANIC
SOLVENT.
CANNOT BE RECLAIMED FROM WASTE.
EXAMPLE:-
CONSTITUENT OF PLASTICS

RESINS:-ACTS AS A BINDING MATERIAL THAT

HOLD THE CONSTITUENT OF PLASTIC TOGETHER.
PLASTICIZERS:-IMPROVES PLASTICITY AND
FLEXIBILITY SO AS TO REDUCE THE
TEMPERATURE. E.G.:- TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATES,
CAMPHOR, PTHALIC ACIDS
FILLERS:-REDUCES THE COST OF
PLASTICS.E.G.:- GRAPHITE, CLAY, QUARTZ &
MICA
LUBRICANTS:-HELPS IN GIVING FINISH. E.G.:- OILS, WAXES, SOAPS
CATALYST:-USED TO ACCELERATE CONDENSATION POLYMERISATION TO
FORM CROSS-LINK PRODUCT. E.G.:- AG, CU, PB, ZNO
STABILIZERS:-IMPROVES THERMAL STABILITY DURING MOULDING. E.G.:-
SALTS OF PB
COLOURING AGENTS:-TO PROVIDE DECORATIVE COLOURS TO PLASTIC
ORGANIC DYES AND INORGANIC PIGMENTS ARE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE.
WHATS NYLON??????
NYLONS ARE TRANSLUCENT AND HIGH
MELTING POLYMERS HAVING HIGH
TEMPERATURE STABILITY AND GOOD ABRASION
RESISTANCE.IT HAS SELF LUBRICATION
PROPERTIES,MOISTURE RESISTENCE AND HC
RESISTANCE.
USES :
USED FOR MOULDIN PURPOSE IN
GEARS,BEARINGS etc.
USED TO MANUFACTURE FIBRES,ROPES.
USED FOR MAKING BRISTLES, BRUSHES etc.
NYLON-6
STEPS INVOLVED IN ITS PREPARATION:-
CYCLOHEXANE IS OXIDISED TO CYCLOHEXANE.
NOW IT REACTSS WITH NH2OH & FORMS
CYCLOHEXENONE OXIME.
IN PRESENCE OF H2SO 4 IT UNDERGOES
4

BECKMAN REARRANGMENT TO FORM

CAPROLACTUM.
CAPROLECTUM ON SELF POLYMERISATION
YIELDS NYLON-6.
THE FORMULA AND STRUCTURE IS GIVEN AS:-

~[CO(CH2)5NH]n~
 NYLON 6:6
IT IS PREPARED BY CONDENSATION
POLYMERIZATION OF ADIPIC ACID AND
HEXAMETYLENEDIAMENE.
REACTION INVOLVED:
NH2-(CH2)6-NH2 + COOH-(CH2)4-COOH
POLYMERIZATION

NH-(CH2)6-NH-C=O-(CH2)4-C=O
NYLON 6:6
BAKELITE
PROPERTIES:
1) ITS DARK PINKISH IN COLOUR.
2) IT IS RIGID, HARD AND SCRATCH-RESISTANT.
3) IT IS WATER RESISTANT AND HAS GOOD
CHEMICAL AND ABRASION RESISTANCE BUT
CAN BE ATTACKED BY ALKALIS.
4) IT IS AN EXCELLENT ELECTRICAL INSULATOR.
Use
s
Bakelite radio at
Bakelite museum.
# USED IN MAKING ELECTRIC INSULATOR
PARTS,TELEPHONE PARTS etc.
# USED IN AUTOMOBILES,RADIO & WOOD
INDUSTRIES
REACTION INVOLVED
TERYLENE
PROPERTIES:-
IT IS A GOOD FIBRE FORMING MATERIAL HAVING
GOOD CREASE RESISTANCE,MORE DURABLE &
LOW MOISTURE ABSORPTION PROPERTIES.
IT IS HIGHLY RESISTANT TO ORGANIC AND
MINERAL ACIDS BUT LESS RESISTANT TO ALKALIES.
USES:-
USED IN MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILES,AIRCRAFT
BATTERY BOX.
ALSO USED IN MAKING MAGNETIC TAPES.
REACTION INVOLVED
HO-(CH2)2-OH + COOH-C6H6-
COOH
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
TEREPHTHALIC ACID

O-(CH2)2-O-C-C6H6-C
O O
Life Is Well
With Polymers
QUERIES
?????
THANK
YOU
FRIENDS