TRANSFORMADASDEFOURIER

2
f (x) = aj e i jx
ba
j = L
b 2
1 2 1 2

e e
i jx i jx
aj = L f(x)dx = L f (x)dx
L a L L

2

2 2 2
k= j ; aj = f j
L L L
2 L L
f j = aj f ( k) = a Lk
L 2 2 2
 2 1
2 2 2
f (x) = aj e e
i jx i jx
ba = f K j L K
j = 2 j =
L L

L

1 f (k) ikxdk
f (x) =
2 e

1
f (x)e
ikx
f (k) = dx
2

1 f (k) ikxdk
f (x) =
2
e

1
f (x)e
ikx
f (k) = dx
2

1
1


f(x' )e dx' e dk

ikx' ikx
f (x) = 2
2

1
f (x) = dx' f (x') e
ik(x x')
2 dk

=

(xx) (xx)

e ikx
Ortogonalidad de las funciones :

2
ikx ik' x ik' x
e , e = e i(k

e
ikx
1 ' k) x
2 2
=(k'
2
ek)
2 2
=(kk')dx
dx=(k' k) =(kk')

it '
e , e =(' ) =( ' )
i t

2 2

k
x t
 Ejemplos:
1.Ondaplana: f (t) = ei0t
f (x) =e
ik0 x

f () 1
= 2 i( i tt 0 ) 1


f ()
() =
2
e
f(t)ee
0t
i
dt
dt=
2 e
i( 0 )t
dt
0 , t <0

2.Funcinpulso: f (t) =1 , 0 t T
f() = 2 (0 ) 0 , T <t
T
1 1
f(t)e e
it it
f () = dt = dt
2
2 0

1 i 1 sen(T)
T
(e 1) Re[ f ()] =
iT
f () =
2 2 T
 T
0 , t <
2 1


T T
f (t)e
it

f (t) = 1 , t f () = dt
2 2 2
T
0 , <t
2
T
2
1 1 i i T i
T

e
it
f () = dt = e 2 e 2
2 T 2

2

T T
sen(
) sen(
)
2 2 T 2
f () = =
2 2 T
2
 T
0 , t < T
2
T T T sen(
)
f (t) =1 , t
f () = 2
2 2 2 T
T
0 , <t 2
2
T
2

2 2

T T

T T

2 2
 T
0 , t < T
2
T T T sen(
)
f (t) =1 , t
f () = 2
2 2 2 T
T
0 , <t 2
2

T
T

1
e
it
f (t) =1 f () = dt = 2 ()
2
 3.Funcincoseno:

1
f (t)e
it
f (t) =cos(0t) f () = dt
2

it
e +e
i0 t i 0t
1 1
)e

cos( t)e
it
f () =
2
0 dt =
2 ( 2
dt


1
f() = (e +e
i( 0 )t i(+ 0 )t
)dt
2 2

2
f () = [( 0 ) +( +0 )]
2 2

f () = [( 0 ) +( +0 )]
2
 TransformadasdeFourierdefuncionespares,f(t)=f(t):

1 0
1 f(t)e dt+ f (t) e dt
e
it it

it
f () =
2
f(t) dt =
2 0

11
f() = ff(t) e
e e e
it
it it it
=
2
2
0
(t)( dt+
+ f)(t)
dt dt


0

2
f () =
0f(t)cos(t)dt
 TransformadasdeFourierdefuncionesimpares,f(t)=f(t):

1 0
1 f(t)e dt+ f (t) e dt
e
it it

it
f () =
2
f(t) dt =
2 0

11
f() = ff(t) e e e
it
it it it
=
2
2
00
(t)( dt+
+ f)(t)
dt dt


0

2
f () =i
0f(t)sen(t)dt
PropiedadesdelastransformadasdeFourier:

1.Linealidad:
f (t) f ()
F .T .
F .T . () +g()
f(t) +g(t)
f
g(t) F .T .
g ()

f (t) f () (a +ib) f (t) (a+ib) f()

F .T . F .T .

2.: f (t) =f *
(t)
f () =
f *
()

Re
[ f ()] =Re[ f ()]

Im
f () =Im
[ ] [ f ()]
PropiedadesdelastransformadasdeFourier:

1
3.: f (0) =
2 f (t)dt


1 ()d
f (0) =
2 f



4.IdentidaddeParseval: f (t)g(t)dt = f () g
* *
()d

1 1
() '
e
e dt=
it i t
2f (t)
=g(t) f(t) 22
*
f d g (' ) 2 d'
dt = f () d

1
'
= d (' dt e
i ( t)
f () d' g(')TeoremadeRayleigh
2
*
)

PropiedadesdelastransformadasdeFourier:
ia
5.: f (t) f () f(t +a) e f ()
F .T . F .T.

f (t +a) =g(t)

1 1
g(t)e f(t +a)e
it it
g() = dt = dt
2
2

du = e f(u) e
ia
1
f(u)e
i(ua ) iu
g() = du
2
2

g() =e f()
ia
 Teoremadeconvolucin:

Sedefinelaintegraldeconvolucindedosfuncionesf(t)yg(t)
delsiguientemodo:

1
( f g)(t) =
2 f(u)g(t u)du

1 1

()
2 ( f g)(t) = du e e
iu i'(tu)
2 2
f d
g(') d'



1
= d f () d' g(') e e
i't i (')u

2 du

1 g()eed
it it
(2 ( f)(t)
f g g= )(t) = df ()
f ()g()
2

1 (')g( ')d'
( f g)() =
2 f

1 1
2 ( fg)() = d' e
g(u)e du
i't i (')u
2 f (t) dt
2

1 i' (tu)
= dt f (t) du g(u) e e
iu

2
tu d'

1 1
2
( f g)(()
f
gf )
(=
g)()
()
==f(t)g(t)

dt
2 2
e
f(t)
it
g(t)
f(t)g(t) e
dt e it
it
dt f g = fg
 Ejemplodeaplicacindelteoremadeconvolucin:
CalcularlatransformadadeFourierdelasiguientefuncin:
T
0 ,t >
1

2
f (t)e
it
f (t) = f () = dt
cos( t) , t <T 2

0
2
T T
2 it
1
cos( t)e
1
2
e i0t
+e
i 0t

)e
it
f () =
2 T
0 dt=
2 (
T 2
dt

2 T 2
2
1
f() = (e +e
i (0 )t i(+ 0 )t
)dt
2 2 T

2
T

1 i e
+ie
i ( 0 )t i (+0 )t 2

f () =
2 2 0 +0 T

2
 1
i(2i) T i(2i) T

f () = sen(
0 ) + +0 )
sen(
2 2
0 2 +0 2

T T

sen(
0 ) sen( +0 )
1 T 2 2
f () = +
2 2 ( ) T ( +0 )
T


0
2 2
 T
0
,t >
2
f (t) = f (t) =h(t)g(t)
cos( t) , t <T

0
2

T
0
,t >
2
h(t) = ; g(t) =cos(0t)
1 T
,t <
2

T
T sen(
) g() = [( 0 ) +( +0 )]
h() = 2 2
2 T
2
 f =hg=hg

1
e
it
(h g)() =
2 h(t)g(t)

dt

1 (' )g( ')d' =
(h g)() =
2 h

T
T sen( ' )

1 2
=
2 2 ' T 2
[( ' 0 ) +( ' +0 )]d'
2
T T
sen(
) sen(
+ )
1 T 0
2 0
2
f () =(h g)() = +
2 2 ( ) T ( +0 )
T


0
2 2
Ejercicios:

1. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin seno:

f(t) = sen(0t)
2. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
f(t) = e-a|t| ; (a>0)

3. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la (t):

4. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:

t
e a , t >0

f (t) = ; (a >0)

0 , t <0
 Ejercicios:

1. Encontrar la transformada de Fourierde la funcin seno:

1
f (t)e
it
f (t) =sen(
0t) f () = dt
2
it
e e
i0 t i 0t
1 1
)e

sen( t)e
it
f () =
2 0 dt =
2 (

2i
dt


1
f() = (e e
i (0 )t i( + 0 )t

2i 2
)dt

2
f () = [( 0 ) ( +0 )]
2i 2

f () =i [( +0 ) ( 0 )]
2
2. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:

1
f (t) =e
a t

f (t)e
it
; (a >0) f () = dt
2

1 2
e e e
a t it at
f () = dt = cos(0t)dt
2
2 0

at 2 at
e

1
1

cos(
e t)
sen(
t)


0 e cos(0t)dt =aa e e e
at at at


00 0

0 at
sen(cos( 0 0
0t)dt
+=t)dt
0
eat
sen( 0t)dt
cos( ==
0t)dt
a 0a 2
aa
a
a
a 0 a 0

0a 0 0
f() =
0
2 2
u =cos(0t)1; du= u 0a
=sen( +
sen(
0 0 0 du=0 cos(
t)t); 0t)

a; v= edv=
at
a e
at

0 e
at
cos(
0t)dt
dv==eat
dt = e
0 2a a2 +20 a
at
dt ; v=
1+
a
3. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la (t):

1
f (t)e
it
f (t) =(t) f () = dt
2

1 1
(t) e
it
f () = dt =
2
2

2
f () =
2
4. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
t
e a , t >0

1
f (t)e
it
f (t) = ;(a >0) f () = dt

0 , t <0 2
1
1 t 1
e e e
it +i t
f () = a dt = a dt
2 0
2 0

1a +i t
1 e 1 1
a 1ia
f () = =
2 1
+i
1
2 1+ia
+i 1ia
a 0 a

2 a a2

f () =
2 2 i 2 2
2 1+ a 1+ a
5. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
t
e a cos( t) , t >0
f (t) = 0 ; (a>0)

0 t,<0

6. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:

1
h(1at ) , t > a

f (t) = ; (h,a >0)
0 1
t, <
a
7. Usando el teorema de Rayleigh, calcular:

sen2 t


t
2 dt
 5. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
t
e a cos( t) , t >0
f (t) = 0 ; (a>0)

0 t,<0

f (t) =h(t)g(t)

t
e a , t >0 F.T . 2 a a2

h(t) = ;(a >0) h() = 2 1+2a2 i 1+2a2

0 , t <0

g(t) =cos(0t) F.T .

g() = [( 0 ) +( +0 )]
2
 f =hg=hg

1
e
it
(h g)() =
2 h(t)g(t)

dt

1 (' )g( ')d' =
(h g)() =
2 h

1

2 a ' a2
=
2 2
2 2 i
1+' a

2 2
1+' a 2
[( ' 0 ) +( ' +0 )]d'

1 a a ( )a2 ( )a2
= 0 0
2 2 + 2 2 i 2 2 + 2 2
2 2 1+( 0 ) a 1+( +0) a 1+( 0 ) a 1+( 0 ) a
=

f()
6. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
1
h(1at ) , t > a

f (t) = ; (h,a >0)
0 1
t, <
a

1 2
f(t)e
it
f () =
2
dt =
0f(t)cos(t)dt

1
a
2
=
0h(1at)cos(t)dt

1 1
2 a a


=h cos(
t)dta tcos(
t)dt



0 0

 1 1
1
a a
tsen(
t) asen(t)
tcos(t)dt = 0 dt
0 0

u =t ; du=dt
sen(
t)
dv=cos(t)dt ; v=

1 1 1
a sen( ) cos( ) 1
a a t) a
cos(
a
tcos(t)dt = + 22 0
0

1cos(
h 2 cos( a) 1 )

f () = 2

f () =h a (a) 2 a2

a
7. Usando el teorema de Rayleigh, calcular: Rayleigh
2
2
sen t sen 2 2
= 2 d = f () d = f (t) dt


t
2 dt

T
0 , t < T
2 sen( )
T T T 2
f (t) =1 , t f () = T
2 2 2
T
2
sen t


0 , <t
2

t
2 dt= 2

T T TT
0 0, t, >t >1
> 1 sen(
sen(

sen 22
) )
2 2 =
ff 2

(t)f ()
dt
T
== dt =
=
ff((tt))=
T () f=() =

1 2
, t , t 1T
, t 2
1
2 TT
T2 2 2

22